Bibliography Monetary Theory and Reform

Govert SchullerMay 16, 2018October 14, 2024Monetary ReformBibliography Monetary Theory, Economics, Monetary Reform, Politics

Main Categories:

A. Proposed Legislations and Organizational Endorsements

B. Academic Studies on Sovereign Monetary Theory and Reform

C. Studies Critical of Sovereign Monetary Theory and Reform (including MMT section)

D. Non-academic Advocacy Pamphlets, Reports, Briefings and Books

E. Supporting Studies Addressing Monetary Issues

F. Journalistic Articles Addressing Monetary Reform

G. Educational and Promotional Videos

H. Other Relevant Background Studies

Justification of Categories:

The A-G sequence of categories is meant to be seen as a mandala of concentric rings, starting with the most succinct and thought-through legal expressions of monetary reform and its justifications (A), to its best academic backup (B), to its criticisms and responses (C), to the best reasoned non-academic formulations (D), etc. The core of category H was composed around AMI founder Stephen Zarlenga’s appreciation of Georgetown University history professor and whistle-blower on the US power elite, Carroll Quigley. Practically the same bibliography can be found on the website of The Alliance for Just Money.

For easy search use the CTRL-F key combination

A. Proposed Legislations and Organizational Endorsements

Legislation:

Switzerland (2014): Vollgeld Initiative. 2014. “Initiativtext: Eidgenössische Volksinitiative Für krisensicheres Geld: Geldschöpfung allein durch die Nationalbank! (Vollgeld-Initiative)”. Wettingen, Schweiz: Verein Monetäre Modernisierung (MoMo).

United Kingdom (2011): Positive Money. 2011. “Bank of England Creation of Currency Bill”. London: Positive Money.

United States of America (2006-12): The NEED Act

Zarlenga, Stephen. 2010 (2006). “Presenting the American Monetary Act”. Valatie, NY: American Monetary Institute. Precursor of the NEED Act.

Zarlenga, Stephen. 2014 (2006). “Presenting the American Monetary Act / The 32-Page Brochure”. Valatie, NY: American Monetary Institute. Extensive introduction to, and final version of, the NEED Act.

United States of America (2012): H.R.2990 – National Emergency Employment Defense Act of 2011 (NEED Act). 112th US Congress (2011-2012).

Congressional Research Service. 2012. Summary of H.R. 2990 (NEED Act).

Carmack, Patrick S.J., J.D. 1996. “Monetary Reform Act“. The Money Masters.

Endorsements:

The Northeast Ohio American Friends Service Committee (AFSC). 2012. “Endorsement of National Emergency Employment Defense (NEED) Act, Hr 2990”. February, 2012.

Chicago Teachers Union. 2012. ”Resolution to Support: The National Employment Emergency Defense (NEED) Act, H.R. 2990“. 9 Jan 2012.

The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers Union (Local 126, Chicago area). 2012. “Resolution to Support: The National Emergency Employment Defense Act – HR 2990”. 7 Mar 2012.

Green Party US. 2014. “Monetary Reform (Greening the Dollar)”. July 2014.

Green Party – UK. 2015. “For the Common Good: General Election Manifesto 2015”. London: The Green Party of England and Wales.

B. Academic Papers and Monographs on Sovereign Monetary Theory, 100% Reserve Banking and Monetary Reform

Abel, Istvan and Lehmann, Kristof and Tapaszti, Attila. 2016. “The Controversial Treatment of Money and Banks in Macroeconomics”. Financial and Economic Review, 15/2 (June 2016): 33–58.

Allais, Maurice. 1987. “The Credit Mechanism and its Implications”. In: Feiwel, George R. (Ed), Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic Policy. Essays in Honor of Kenneth J. Arrow. New York: NYU Press, 491–561.

Allen, William R. 1993. “Irving Fisher and the 100 Percent Reserve Proposal“. The Journal of Law and Economics, 36/2: 703-717.

Al-Jarhi, Mabid. 2016. “The Nature of Money in Modern Economy – Implications and Consequences”. JKAU: Islamic Economics, 29/2 (July 2016):75-79. Also: Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA), no. 72238, 10 May 2016.

Andresen, Trond. 2018. “On the Dynamics of Money Circulation, Creation and Debt–a Control Systems Approach”. PhD Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, October 2018.

Angell, James W. 1935. “The 100 Per Cent Reserve Plan”. Quartely Journal of Economics, 50/1: 1–35.

Armelius, Hanna & Carl Andreas Claussen, David Vestin. 2020. “Money and monetary policy in times of crisis”. Monetary Policy Department and the Payments Department of the Riksbank. Riksbank of Sweden. Economic Commentaries, 4 (11 June 2020): 1-15.

Asensio, Angel. 2015. “Money Neutrality”. Entry in Rochon & Rossi, The Encyclopedia of Central Banking. 366-367.

Assenmacher, Katrin & Claus Brand. 2018. “The Swiss Sovereign Money Initiative”. Credit and Capital Markets, 51/4: 621-644.

Baeriswyl, Romain. 2017. “The Case for the Separation of Money and Credit”. In Heinemann, F., Klüh, U., and Watzka, S. (Eds), 2017, Monetary Policy, Financial Crises, and the Macroeconomy, Cham: Springer, pp. 105–21.

Bang-Andersen, Jens & Lars Risbjerg & Morten Spange. 2014. “Money, Credit and Banking“. Monetary Review, 3: 65-81.

Barber, G. Russell. 1973. “The One Hundred Percent Reserve System”. The American Economist, 17/1: 115–127.

Bardy, Josiah J. 2017. “Selecting an Alternative National Banking System Against Fractional Reserve Free Banking: The Greatest Modern Fraud?” Senior Thesis, Liberty University, Spring 2017.

Baruchello, Giorgio. 2013. “Review Essay of Economists and the Powerful: Convenient Theories, Distorted Facts, Ample Rewards. Häring, Norbert, & Douglas, Niall, London: Anthem Press, 2012”. Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 8/2: 216-225.

—–, —–. 2017. “The Money Mystique”. The European Legacy, 1-4.

Becklumb, Penny & Frigon, Mathieu. 2015 / 2021. How the Bank of Canada Creates Money for the Federal Government: Operational and Legal Aspects (In Brief). Ottowa, Canada: Library of Parliament. Revised by Brett Stuckey, 19 May 2021.

Bertocco, Giancarlo. 2001. “Is Kaldor’s theory of money supply endogeneity still relevant?” Metroeconomica, 52/1: 95–120.

—–, —–. 2010. “The endogenous money theory and the characteristics of a monetary economy”. Rivista Italiana degli Economisti, 15/3: 365–401.

—–, —–. 2013a. “Money as an institution of capitalism: Some notes on a monetary theory of uncertainty”. Economic Notes, 42/1: 75–101.

—–, —–. 2013b. “On Keynes’s criticism of the loanable funds theory”. Review of Political Economy, 25/2: 309–26.

—–, —– & Andrea Kalajzic. 2018. “How much does finance benefit society?”. PSL Quarterly Review, 71/287: 419-437.

Bezemer, Dirk J. 2014. “Schumpeter Might Be Right Again: The Functional Differentiation of Credit“. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 24/5: 935-950.

—–, —–. 2016. “Towards an ‘Accounting View’ on Money, Banking and the Macroeconomy: History, Empirics, Theory”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40/5 (1 Sep 2016):1275–1295.

—–, —– & Hudson, Michael. 2016. “Finance is not the economy: Reviving the conceptual distinction”. Journal of Economic Issues, 50/3: 745-768.

—–, —– & Ryan-Collins & J., van Lerven, F. & Zhang, L. 2018. “Credit Where It’s Due: A Historical, Theoretical and Empirical Review of Credit Guidance Policies in the 20th Century“. UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose Working Paper Series, No. 2018-11.

Bichler, Shimshon & Nitzan, Jonathan. 2022. “Book review: Steve Keen, (2021) The New Economics: A Manifesto“. realworld economics review, 102 (18 December 2022): 156-163.

Binswanger, Mathias. 1996. “Money Creation, Profits and Growth: Monetary Aspects of Economic Evolution”. In: E. Helmstadter & M. Perlman (Eds), Behavioral Norms, Technological Progress and Economic Dynamics: Studies in Schumpeterian Economics. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 413–37.

—–, —–. 2015. “Money Creation and Economic Growth”. Entry in Rochon & Rossi, The Encyclopedia of Central Banking, 357-359.

Bjerg, Ole. 2014. Making Money: The Philosophy of Crisis Capitalism. London & New York: Verso.

—–, —–. 2015. “Is there life after debt? Revolution in the age of financial capitalism”. Finance and Society, 1/1: 81-89.

—–, —–. 2017. “Designing New Money: The Policy Trilemma of Central Bank Digital Currency”. Copenhagen Business School. Working Paper, June 2017.

—–, —–. 2018. “We Need to Put Things Back to Normal”. Interview with Ole Bjerg. Journal of Economic Sociology = Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya, 19/4: 172–181.

—–, —– & Duncan McCann & Laurie Macfarlane & Rasmus Hougaard Nielsen & Josh Ryan-Collins. 2017. “Seigniorage in the 21st Century: A Study of the Profits from Money Creation in the United Kingdom and Denmark”. Copenhagen Business School Working Paper. January 2017.

—–, —– & Bondo Hansen, K. Financial vampires and the walking debt: The monsterology of post-crisis capitalism”. Copenhagen Business School. [Forthcoming; Spanish translation]

—–, —– & —–, —–. 2020. “Los vampiros financieros y The Walking Debt“. In: J. S. Cherizola, G. Schüller, & M. Young (Eds), Democratizar el dinero: Una introducción a la Reforma del Dinero Soberano (pp. 29-57). Alliance for Just Money.

Blain, Bob. 2014. “The Root of US Public and Private Debt, as Told by the Pen of History”. Michigan Sociological Review, 28: 70-88.

Block, Walter E. & Barnett, William. 2011. “Time Deposits, Dimensions and Fraud”. Journal of Business Ethics, 88: 711-716.

Bofinger, Peter & Haas, Thomas. 2018. “A simple microeconomic model for the analysis of Vollgeld“. W.E.P. – Würzburg Economic Papers, No. 99, University of Würzburg, Department of Economics, Würzburg.

Braun, Benjamin. 2016. “Speaking to the People? Money, trust, and central bank legitimacy in the age of quantitative easing”. Review of International Political Economy, 23/6: 1064-1092.

Brown, Harry Gunnison. 1940. “Objections to the 100 Per Cent Reserve Plan”. The American Economic Review, 26/3: 309–314.

Brunner, Karl. 1966. “The Role of Money and Monetary Policy“. Federal Reserve Bank. Research Department. Also in: Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 50 (July): 8-24.

Buchanan, James M. 2010. “The Constitutionalization of Money”. Cato Journal, 30/2: 251–258.

Burke, Sara L. 2012. “An International Crisis of Social Justice, Occupy Wall Street and the Realm of Policy“. Maastricht School of Management. Working Paper No. 2012/29.

Burns, Scott. 2016. “Old (Chicago) School, New Century: The Link between Knight and Simons’ Chicago Plan to Buchanan’s Constitutional Money”. Constitutional Political Economy, 27/3: 299–318.

Burton, Mark. 2015. “Debt dynamics in the UK and beyond: how propaganda impedes effective political action”. Chapter in press: S. Degirmencioglu and C Walker (Eds), The Personal Debt Industry: International Perspectives. London: Palgrave.

Carmack, Patrick S.J., J.D. 2020. “Reforming the Primary Instrumental Cause of Increasing Income Inequality“. Adler–Aquinas Institute, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.

—–, —–. 2019. “The Main Cause of Income Inequality”. Studia Gilsoniana, A Journal in Classical Philosophy, 8/4.

Carpenter, Seth & Demiralp, Selva. 2010. “Money, Reserves, and the Transmission of Monetary Policy: Does the Money Multiplier Exist?” Finance and Economics Discussion Series, 2010-14, Federal Reserve Board.

Carroll, Charles Holt. 1964. Organization of Debt into Currency and Other Papers. Edited with an Introduction by E. C. Simmons. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.

Carruthers, Bruce G. 1999. City of Capital: Politics and Markets in the English Financial Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

—–, —– & Sarah Babb. 1996. “The Color of Money and the Nature of Value: Greenbacks and Gold in Postbellum America”. American Journal of Sociology, 101: 1556–1591.

Chai, Hee-Yul, and Sang B. Hahn. 2018. “Does Monetary Policy Regime Determine the Nature of the Money Supply?: Evidence from Seven Countries in the Asia-Pacific Region“. East Asian Economic Review, 22/2: 217-239.

Chari, V.V. & Phelan, Christopher, 2014. “On the social usefulness of fractional reserve banking“. Journal of Monetary Economics, 65/C: 1-13.

Chiarella, Carl, et al. 2012. “Stock Market Booms, Endogenous Credit Creation a nd t he Implications o f Broad a nd Narrow Banking f or Macroeconomic Stability”. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 83/3 (2012): 410-423.

Chick, Victoria. 1986. “The Evolution of the Banking System and the Theory of Saving, Investment and Credit”. Economies et Societiés, 3; reprinted in: Chick, Victoria (Ed), 1992, On Money, Method and Keynes. New York: St Martin’s Press.

—–, —–. 1993. “The Evolution of the Banking System and the Theory of Monetary Policy”. In: Frowen, S.F. (Ed), Monetary Theory and Monetary Policy: New Tracks for the 1990s, London: Macmillan, 79–92.

Cochrane, John H. 2014. “Toward a R un-F ree F inancial S ystem“. SSRN, 16 April 2014.

Constâncio, V. 2016. “Challenges for the European Banking Industry”. Lecture given at the Conference on “European Banking Industry: What’s Next?”, organized by the University of Navarra, Madrid, 7 July 2016.

Crocker, Geoff. 2020. Basic Income and Sovereign Money. The Alternative to Economic Crisis and Austerity Policy. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Mcmillan.

Currie, Lauchlin. 1934. A Proposed Revision of the Monetary System in the United States. Submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Reprinted in Currie, Lauchlin. 1968. The Supply and Control of Money in the United States. New York: Russell & Russell.

—–, —–. 1934 (1968). The Supply and Control of Money in the United States. New York, NY: Russell & Russell.

—–, —–. 1938 (2004). “The 100 Percent Reserve Plan: August 12, 1938”. Journal of Economic Studies, 31/3–4: 355–365.

Daneke, Gregory A. 2019. Serfs Up: Finance, Feudalism, and Fascism, Ruminations on the political economy of our time while there is still time. Seattle: Amazon Paperback.

—–, —–. 2022. “The Paradigm in the Iron Mask: Toward an Institutional Ecology of Ecological Economics”. real-world economics review, 102: 16-29.

Davanzati, Guglielmo Forges. 2015. “Nicholas Kaldor on endogenous money and increasing returns”. Post Keynesian Economics Study Group Working Paper 1505.

Davis, Raymond E. 2018. “White Paper For The 33% Public Money Initiative: A Monetary ReformAgenda for the United States of America”. Monetary reform Task Force.

Decker, Frank. 2017. “Central Bank or Monetary Authority? Three Views on Money and Monetary Reform”. Economic Affairs, 37/3: 343-356.

De Grauwe, Paul. 2008. “Returning to Narrow Banking“. In: B. Eichengreen and R. Baldwin, What the G20 should do on November 15th to fix the financial system, a VoxEU.org Publication.

Demeulemeester, Samuel. 2018. “The 100% Money Proposal and its Implications for Banking: The Currie–Fisher Approach versus the Chicago Plan Approach“. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 25/2: 357-387.

—–, —–. 2019. “The 100% money proposal of the 1930s: Conceptual clarification and theoretical analysis”. PhD thesis, ENS de Lyon.

—–, —–. 2020. “Would a State Monopoly over Money Creation Allow for a Reduction of the National Debt? A Study of the ‘Seignorage Argument’ in Light of the ‘100% Money’”. Debates, Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, vol. 38A, A Symposium on Public Finance in the History of Economic Thought, 123–44.

—–, —–. 2021. “The 100% money proposal of the 1930s: An avatar of the Currency School’s reform ideas?” The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 28/4: 577–98.

—–, —–. 2022. “Divorcing money creation from bank loans: Revisiting the “100% money” proposal of the 1930s“. Revue d’economie politique, 132/5: 835-859.

Desan, Christine. 2010. “Coin Reconsidered: The Political Alchemy of Commodity Money“. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 11/1 ( Article 13): 361-409.

—–, —–. 2019. “Money Creation by the Federal Reserve: A Note on the Basics of Legal Authority”.

—–, —–. 2022. “How To Spend a Trillion Dollars: Our Monetary Hardwiring, Why It Matters, and What To Do About It”. Shared at AMI Conference 2022.

Deutsche Bundesbank. “The Role of Banks, Non- Banks and the Central Bank in the Money Creation Process”. Deutsche Bundesbank Monthly Report, 69/4 (April 2017): 13-33.

Deutsche Bundesbank. 2017. “How Money is Created”. Topics. 4 Apr 2017.

Dimand, Robert W. 1993. “100 Percent Money: Irving Fisher and Banking Reform in the 1930s”. History of Economic Ideas, 1/2: 59-76.

Di Muzio, Tim. 2015. The 1% and the Rest of Us: A Political Economy of Dominant Ownership. London: Zed Books Ltd.

—–, —–. 2016. “Energy, Capital as Power and World Order”. In: Cafruny A., Talani L. & Pozo Martin G. (Eds), The Palgrave Handbook of Critical International Political Economy, London: Palgrave Macmillan.

—–, —– & Robbins, Richard. 2016. Debt as Power: Theory for a Global Age. Manchester, UK: Manchester UP.

—–, —– & —–, —–. 2017. An Anthropology of Money: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.

—–, —– & —–, —–. 2020. “Capitalized Money, Austerity and the Math of Capitalism“. Current Sociology, 68/2: 149–168.

—–, —– & Noble, Leonie. 2017. “The Coming Revolution in Political Economy: Money Creation, Mankiw and Misguided Macroeconomics “. Real-World Economics Review, 80 (26 June 2017): 85-108.

Dietsch, Peter. 2021. “Money creation, debt, and justice”. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 20/2: 151-179.

Dietz, Rob, Herman Daly, and Dan O’Neill. 2013. Enough is enough: Building a sustainable economy in a world of finite resources. London: Routledge.

Diren Valayden & Jakob Feinig. 2022. “Humanization as Money: Modern Monetary Theory and the Critique of Race“. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 13/2 (Summer 2022): 146-157.

Dittmer, Kristofer. 2015. “100 Percent Reserve Banking: A Critical Review of Green Perspectives”. Ecological Economics, 109: 9–16.

Dixhoorn, Charlotte van. 2013. The Nature of Money. Dissertation. Master in Science Thesis Sustainable Development, Utrecht University.

Doorman, Frans. 2015. Our Money – Towards a New Monetary System. Lulu internet publishers.

Douglas, Paul H. 1935. Controlling Depressions. New York, NY: Norton.

—–, —– & Fisher, Irving et al. 1939. A Program for Monetary Reform. MS.

Dow, Sheila C. 1997. “Endogenous Money”. In: G.C. Harcourt and P.A. Riach (eds), A ‘Second Edition’ of The General Theory, vol. II, London and New York: Routledge, 61–78.

—–, —–. 2006. “Endogenous Money: Structuralist”. In: Arestis, Phillip & Sawyer, Malcolm (Eds), A Handbook of Alternative Monetary Economics, Cheltenham, UK & Brookfield, USA: Edward Elgar, 35-51.

—–, —–. 2016. “The Political Economy of Monetary Reform”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40/5 (1 Sep 2016):1363–1376.

Dumitrica, Delia. 2017. “Ons Geld, Citizen Initiative, Netherlands: Voice or Chatter?” IT for Change.

—–, —– & Achterberg, Eline. 2017. “Digital Activism and the Civic Subject Position: A Study of the Ons Geld (Our Money) Citizen Initiative in the Netherlands”. E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM), 2017 Conference. IEEE.

Dutraive, Véronique & Théret, Bruno. 2017. “Two Models of the Relationship between Money and Sovereignty: An Interpretation Based on John R. Commons’s Institutionalism”. Journal of Economic Issues, 51/1: 27-44.

Dyson, Ben & Graham Hodgson, & Frank van Lerven. 2016. “A response to critiques of ‘full reserve banking’”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40/5: 1351-1361. [Response to Fontana, G. & Sawyer, M. 2016].

Eckrich, Lucille L. T. 2017a. “Monetary Critique and Student Debt”. In: Hartlep, Nicholas et al (Eds), The Neoliberal Agenda and the Student Debt Crisis in US Higher Education, Routledge Studies in Education, Neoliberalism, and Marxism Vol 13, New York & London: Routledge, 50-72.

—–, —–. 2017b. “Monetary Transformation and Public Education”. In Hartlep, Nicholas et al (Eds). The Neoliberal Agenda and the Student Debt Crisis in US Higher Education,Routledge Studies in Education, Neoliberalism, and Marxism Vol 13, New York & London: Routledge, 233-250.

Etzrodt, Christian. 2018a. “Modern Sovereign Money—Part I: The Moral Hazard of Fractional Reserve Banking“. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 6/9: 101-115.

—–, —–. 2018b. “Modern Sovereign Money—Part II: A Synthesis of the Chicago Plan, Sovereign Money, and the Modern Money Theory“. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 6/9: 116-135.

—–, —–. 2023. “Positive Money: Progressive Solution or Trojan Horse?“. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 47/6: 1207-1224.

European Central Bank. 2015. “What is Money“. European Central Bank, 24 Nov 2015.

Evans, Trevor. 1997. “Marxian Theories of Credit Money and Capital”. International Journal of Political Economy, 27/1: 7-42.

Feinig, Jakob. 2015. Money and its publics: Public involvement in American monetary policy from 1690 to 1936. Dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton.

Figuera, Stefano. 2015. “Banking and Currency Schools”. Entry in Rochon & Rossi, The Encyclopedia of Central Banking, 28-29.

Fisher, Irving. 1933. “The Debt-Deflation Theory of Great Depressions”. Econometrica, 1/4: 337–57.

—–, —–. 1935 (1997). 100 per cent Money. Works Vol. 11, edited and introduced by William J. Barber. London: Pickering & Chatto.

—–, —–. 1936. “100% Money Again”. Social Research, 3/2: 236–241.

—–, —–. 1936. “The Bankers’ Interest in 100% Money”. The Bankers’ Magazine, October, 1936.

—–, —–. 1937. “100 Percent Reserves—An Old System Adapted to Modern Needs”. Commercial & Financial Digest, Los Angeles, California, June 1937. Reprinted in I. Fisher, Testimony before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, U.S. Senate, 75:1, August 12, 1937, 292–296.

—–, —–. 1937. “Note Suggested by Review of ‘100 Per Cent Money’”. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 100/2: 296–298.

—–, —–. 1946 (1997). “Answers to Objections to the 100% Plan”. Fisher Papers, Yale University Library. Reprinted in: Barber et al, 1997, The Works of Irving Fisher – Vol. 11. 100% Money, 308–311.

—–, —–. 1936 (2009). “100% Money and the Public Debt”. Economic Forum (Spring 1936): 406-420.

Flaschel, Peter, et al. 2010. “Broad banking, financial markets and the return of the narrow banking idea“. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 7/2: 105-137.

Frame, Iain. 2012. “Country Rag Merchants” and “Octopus Tentacles”: An Analysis of Law’s Contribution to the Creation of Money in England and Wales, 1790-1844. Thesis, Harvard Law School.

—–, —–. 2015. “‘Country Rag Merchants’ and English Local Currencies in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century“. Journal of Law and Society, 42/4: 588-610.

—–, —–. 2020. “Between the ‘Bank Screw’ and ‘Affording Assistance’. Rules, Standards, and the Bank Charter Act of 1844”. The Modern Law Review, 83/1: 64-90.

Friedman, Milton. 1948. “A Monetary and Fiscal Framework for Economic Stability”. American Economic Review, 38/3: 245–264.

—–, —–. 1959. A Program for Monetary Stability. New York: Fordham University Press.

—–, —–. 1969a. The Optimum Quantity of Money and other Essays. Chicago: Aldine.

—–, —–. 1969b. “The Monetary Theory and Policy of Henry Simons”. In: Friedman, Milton (Ed), 1969, The Optimum Quantity of Money and other Essays, New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 81–94.

Godin, Antoine. 2015. “Money and Credit”. Entry in Rochon & Rossi, The Encyclopedia of Central Banking. 354-356.

Goodhart, Charles A. E. 1984. Monetary Policy in Theory and Practice. London: Macmillan.

—–, —–. 1989a. Money, Information and Uncertainty. 2nd edn. London: Macmillan.

—–, —–. 1989b. “Has Moore become too Horizontal?” Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics, 14 (Fall): 134–6.

—–, —–. 1998. “The Two Concepts of Money: Implications for the Analysis of Optimal Currency Areas”. European Journal of Political Economy, 14: 407–432.

—–, —– & Hudson, Michael. 2018. “Could/should jubilee debt cancellations be reintroduced today?”. Discussion Paper DP12605. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research.

—–, —– & Jensen, Meinhard. 2015. “Currency School versus Banking School: An ongoing Confrontation“. Economic Thought, 4 /2: 20-31.

Graham, Frank D. 1936. “Partial Reserve Money and the 100 Per Cent Proposal”. The American Economic Review, 26/3: 428–440.

—–, —–. 1941. “100 Per Cent Reserves: Comment”. The American Economic Review, 31/2: 338–340.

Grasselli, Matheus R., and Alexander Lipton. 2019. “The Broad Consequences of Narrow Banking“. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, 22/01 (2019).

Graziani, A. 2003. The Monetary Theory of Production. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Greco, Thomas H., Jr. N.d. “A Book Review of The Lost Science of Money: The Mythology of Money: The Story of Power by Stephen Zarlenga”. Academia.edu.

Grierson, Philip. 1977. “The Origins of Money”. Research in Economic Anthropology, 1: 1-35.

Gross, Marco & Siebenbrunner, Christoph. 2019. “Money Creation in Fiat and Digital Currency Systems“. IMF Working Paper WP/19/285.

Häring, Norbert. 2013. “The Veil of Deception over Money: How Central Bankers and Textbooks Distort the Nature of Banking and Central Banking”. Real-World Economics Review, 62: 2-18.

Hart, Albert G. 1935. “The Chicago Plan of Banking Reform”. The Review of Economic Studies, 2: 104–116. Reprinted in: Friedrich A. Lutz & Lloyd W. Mints (Eds), 1951, Readings in Monetary Theory, Homewood, IL: Richard Irwin, 437–456.

Higgins, Benjamin. 1941. “Comments on 100 Per Cent Money”. The American Economic Review, 31/1: 91–96.

Hirota, Yasuyuki Miguel. 2016. “Reshuffling The Monetary And Financial System: Lessons from The Social And Solidarity Economy“. 2nd Annual Conference of the Monetary and Economic Research Center, Economic Lessons, Perspectives And Challenges From The Balkans, University of National and World Economy (UNWE), Sofia, Bulgaria, 13-14 October 2016: 31-51.

Hockett, Robert C. 2019a. “Money’s Past is Fintech’s Future: Wildcat Crypto, the Digital Dollar, and Citizen Central Banking”. Cornell Legal Studies Research Paper No. 19-05, Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy.

—–, —–. 2019b. “Finance without Financiers“. Politics & Society, 47/4: 491-527.

—–, —–. 2021. “Digital Greenbacks: A Sequenced’ Treasury Direct’ and ‘Fed Wallet ‘Plan for the Democratic Digital Dollar”. Journal of Technology Law & Policy, 25/1.

—–, —–. 2024. Spread the Fed: Distributed Central Banking for Productive Monetary Policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Forthcoming.

—–, —– & Omarova, Saule. 2015. “Public Actors in Private Markets: Toward a Developmental Finance State”. Washington University Law Review, 93: 103-175.

—–, —– & —–, —–. 2016. “Challenging the Financial Intermediation Myth“. The CLS Blue Sky Blog, 17 Oct 2016.

—–, —– & —–, —–. 2017. “The Finance Franchise“. Cornell Law Review, 102: 1143-1218.

Holmes, Alan. 1969. “Operational C onstraints on the S tabilization of M oney S upply G rowth“. Controlling Monetary Aggregates, (1969): 65-77.

Hook, Andrew. 2022. “Examining modern money creation: An institution-centered explanation and visualization of the “credit theory” of money and some reflections on its significance”. The Journal of Economic Education, 53/3: 210-231.

—–, —–. 2023. “Towards an institutional “landscape” view of modern money creation mechanisms and some reflections on their ecological significance“. Sustainability Science, 18: 1977–1993.

Hotson, John H. 1983. “What’s Wrong with Mainstream Macroeconomics?“. Eastern Economic Journal, 9/3: 246-257.

—–, —–. 1985a. “The Growlery: Ending the Debt-Money System“. Challenge, 28/1 (March / April 1985): 48-50.

—–, —–. 1985b. “Response: Professor Friedman’s Goals Applauded, His Means Questioned“. Challenge, 28/4: 59-61.

—–, —–. 1986. “The Keynesian Revolution and the Aborted Fisher-Simons Revolution, Or, The Road Not Taken”. Department of Economics, University of Waterloo, 1986.

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Sissoko, Carolyn. 2015. “The Bank-Centered View of the Money Market Part I: Why Banks Are Different“. USC Gould School of Law, Center for Law and Social Science (CLASS) Research Papers Series No. CLASS15-4, 20 Jan 2015.

Skaggs N.T. 1997. “Henry Dunning Macleod and the Credit Theory of Money”. In: Cohen A.J., Hagemann H., Smithin J. (eds), Money, Financial Institutions and Macroeconomics, Recent Economic Thought Series, vol 53, Dordrecht: Springer.

Skidelsky, Robert. 2019. Money and Government: The Past and Future of Economics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (Review)

Smithin, John. 2013. “Keynes’s theories on money and banking in the Treatise and the General Theory”. Review of Keynesian Economics, 2/2: 242–56.

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Soddy, Frederick. 1926. Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt: The Solution of the Economic Paradox. London: George Allen & Unwin.

—–, —–. 1934. The Role of Money: What it should be, contrasted with what it has become. London: George Routledge and Sons.

Stellinga, Bart, et al. 2021. Money and Debt: The Public Role of Banks. Research for Policy Series. Studies by the Netherlands Council for Government Policy. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

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Tanweer Ali. 2014. “Money as Metaphor”. On the Horizon, 22/4: 297-307.

Tavlas George. 2020. “On the Controversy over the Origins of the Chicago Plan for 100 Percent Reserves: Sorry Frederick Soddy: It Was Knight and (Most Probably) Simons!” Hoover Institution, Economics Working Paper 20102. Forthcoming, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking.

Thomas, Rollin G. 1940. “100 Per Cent Money: The Present Status of the 100 Per Cent Plan”. The American Economic Review, 30/2: 315–323.

Timberlake, Richard H. 2013. Constitutional Money: A Review of the Supreme Court’s Monetary Decisions. A Cato Institute Book. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Tolley, George S. 1962. “100 Per Cent Reserve Banking”. In: Yeager, L. B. (Ed), In Search of a Monetary Constitution, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 275–304.

Turner, Aidar. 2010. “What do Banks Do? Why do Credit Booms and Busts Occur and What can Public Policy Do about it?”. In The Future of Finance: The LSE Report. London: London School of Economics and Political Science. 3-63.

—–, —–. 2013. “Debt, Money and Mephistopheles: How do we get out of this mess?”. Published by Group of Thirty, Occasional Paper no. 87.

—–, —–. 2015. “The Case for Monetary Finance – An Essentially Political Issue”. Paper presented at the 16th Jacques Polak Annual Research Conference hosted by the IMF, Washington, D.C.

—–, —– & Wray, L. Randall. 2006. “Money: An Alternative Story“. In: Arestis, Philip, and Malcolm C. Sawyer, (Eds), A Handbook of Alternative Monetary Economics, Cheltenham, UK & Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing: pp. 1-16. Also: Working Paper No. 45, Center for Full Employment and Price Stability (July 2005).

Tymoigne, Eric. 2016. “Government Monetary and Fiscal Operations: Generalising The Endogenous Money Approach”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40/5 (1 Sep 2016):1317–1332

Vallageas, Bernard. 2015. “Money Creation”. Entry in Rochon & Rossi, The Encyclopedia of Central Banking. 356-357.

Van Egmond, Nicolas D. & de Vries, Bert J.M. 2016. “Dynamics of a sustainable financial-economic system”. Sustainable Finance Lab Working Paper. Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

—–, —– & —–, —–. 2020. “Modeling the Dynamics of the Financial-Economic System: Understanding The Current ‘Money as Debt’ Crisis“. Journal of Banking, Finance and Sustainable Development, 1/1: 145-168

—–, —– & —–, —–. 2020. “Modelling the dynamics of the financial-economic system: Exploring the ‘debt free money’ alternative“. Journal of Banking, Finance and Sustainable Development, 1/1: 169-180.

van Eijck, Jan, and Philip Elsas. 2017. “What is money?” In: Başkent, Can, Lawrence S. Moss, and Ramaswamy Ramanujam (eds), Rohit Parikh on logic, language and society, Vol. 11, Springer, pages 67-75.

Vivian, R., and Nicholas Spearman. 2016. “Banks and Money Creation ‘Out of Nothing’“. No. 3. Working Paper, EU and Comparative Law Issues and Challenges Series, Dec 2016.

Watkins, Leonard L. 1938. Commercial Banking Reform in the United States: With Especial Reference to the 100 Per Cent Plan and the Regulation of Interest Rates on Bank Deposits. Vol. 5. Michigan Business Studies, 8. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.

Weber, Beat. 2018. Democratizing Money?: Debating Legitimacy in Monetary Reform Proposals. Cambridge: Cambridge UP

Werner, Richard A. 1997. “Towards a New Monetary Paradigm: A Quantity Theorem of Disaggregated Credit, With Evidence from Japan“. Kredit und Kapital, 30/2 (July 1997): 276–309 .

—–, —-. 2003. Princes of the Yen: Japan’s Central Bankers and the Transformation of the Economy. New York: M.E. Sharpe.

—–, —–. 2005. New Paradigm in Macroeconomics: Solving the Riddle of Japanese Macroeconomic Performance. Basingstoke, UK & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

—–, —–. 2012a. “Towards a new research programme on ‘banking and the economy’ — Implications of the Quantity Theory of Credit for the prevention and resolution of banking and debt crises”. International Review of Financial Analysis, 25/5 (December 2012): 94-105.

—–, —–. 2012b. “How to Turn Banks into Financial Intermediaries and Restore Money Creation and Allocation Powers to the State”. University of Southampton, Center for Banking, Finance and Sustainable Development, Policy Discussion Paper, No. 3-12 (8 Nov 2012): 2-9.

—–, —–. 2012c. “Time for Green Quantitative Easing: How to Generate Green, Sustainable Growth at No Cost”. Policy News 3/1. Southampton: University of Southampton, Centre for Banking, Finance and Sustainable Development.

—–, —–. 2014a. “Can a bank create money out of nothing? Using accounting information to test the three theories of banking empirically”. Finance and sustainable development discussion paper, CBFSD 2-2014, Southampton. University of Southampton Center for Banking.

—–, —–. 2014b. “Can banks individually create money out of nothing? The theories and the empirical evidence”. International Review of Financial Analysis, 36 (2014): 1–19.

—–, —–. 2014c. “How do banks create money, and why can other firms not do the same? An explanation for the coexistence of lending and deposit-taking”. International Review of Financial Analysis, 36 (2014): 71–77.

—–, —–. 2015a. “Credit Creation”. Entry in Rochon & Rossi, The Encyclopedia of Central Banking. 116-118.

—–, —–. 2015b. “Credit Guidance”. Entry in Rochon & Rossi, The Encyclopedia of Central Banking. 123-125.

—–, —–. 2015c. “Quantity Theory of Credit ”. Entry in Rochon & Rossi, The Encyclopedia of Central Banking. 416-418.

—–, —–. 2016. “A lost century in economics: Three theories of banking and the conclusive evidence”. International Review of Financial Analysis, 46 (July 2016): 361-379.

—–, —–. 2018a. “Shifting from Central Planning to a Decentralised Economy”. Paper presented at the 14th Rhodes Forum: Dialogue of Civilisations Research Institute, Panel 2: Economic Alternatives when Conventional Models Fail, Rhodos, Greece, on 1 October 2016 and at the 4th European Conference on Banking and the Economy (ECOBATE 2016), in Winchester Guildhall, Winchester UK, on 12 October 2016.

—–, —–. 2018b. “Interest Rate Moves – Causes and Consequences for Investors“. PowerPoint Presentation, Hook, UK, 1 Feb 2018.

White, William. 2023. “Why The Monetary Policy Framework in Advanced Countries Needs Fundamental Reform”.Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series 210.

Whittlesey, Charles R. 1935. “Banking and the New Deal”. Public Policy Pamphlet No. 16. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Wicksell, Knut. 1898 (1936). Interest and Prices. Translated by Richard Kahn. London: Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society.

Wray, L. Randall. 1990. Money and Credit in Capitalist Economies: The Endogenous Money Approach. Aldershot, UK and Brookfield, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing.

—–, —–. 1999. “An Irreverent Overview of the History of Money from the Beginning of the Beginning through to the Present”. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 21/4: 679-687.

—–, —–. (Ed). 2004. Credit and State Theories of Money. The Contributions of A. Mitchell-Innes. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

—–, —–. 2012. “Introduction to an Alternative History of Money”. Levy Economics Institute, Working Paper 717.

WRR. 2019. Money and Debt: The Public Role of Banks – Summary of WRR Report. The Hague: Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy.

Yamaguchi, Kaoru. 2004. “Money Supply and Creation of Deposits: SD macroeconomic modeling (1)”. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Oxford, England, 2004. The System Dynamics Society.

—–, —–. 2005. “Aggregate Demand Equilibria and Price Flexibility: SD macroeconomic modeling (2)”. In Proceedings of the 23nd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Boston, USA, 2005. The System Dynamics Society.

—–, —–. 2006. “Integration of Real and Monetary Sectors with Labor Market: SD macroeconomic modeling (3)”. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 2006. The System Dynamics Society.

—–, —–. 2007. “Balance of Payments and Foreign Exchange Dynamics: SD macroeconomic modeling (4)”. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Boston, USA, 2007. The System Dynamics Society.

Yamaguchi, Kaoru. 2008. “Open Macroeconomies as a Closed Economic System: SD macroeconomic modeling completed (5)”. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Athens, Greece, 2008.

—–, —–. 2010. “On the Liquidation of Government Debt under A Debtfree Money System: Modeling the American Monetary Act”. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Seoul, Korea, 2010. The System Dynamics Society.

—–, —–. 2011. “Workings of a Public Money System of Open Macroeconomies: Modeling the American Monetary Act Completed”. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Washington D.C., USA, 2011. The System Dynamics Society.

—–, —–. 2012. “On the Monetary and Financial Stability under A Public Money System (Revised): Modeling the American Monetary Act Simplified”. Paper presented at the 8th Annual AMI Monetary Reform Conference in Chicago, USA, Sept. 20 – 23, 2012. It was originally presented at the 30th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, St. Gallen, Switzerland, July 22 – 26, 2012.

—–, —–. 2014-17. “Money and Macroeconomic Dynamics: Accounting System Dynamics Approach“. Edition 3.2. Awaji Island, Japan: Japan Future Research Center.

—–, —–. 2014. “From Debt Money to Public Money System – Modeling A Transition Process Simplified“. Paper presented at the 32nd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Delft, Netherlands, July 20 – 24, 2014. Awaji Island, Japan: Japan Futures Research Center.

—–, —–. 2017a. “A Transition to the Public Money System”. Chapter 17 in: Yamaguchi, Kaoru. 2014-17. “Money and Macroeconomic Dynamics: Accounting System Dynamics Approach“. Edition 3.2. Awaji Island, Japan: Japan Future Research Center.

—–, —–. 2017b. “Money and Its Creation”. Chapter 5 in: Yamaguchi, Kaoru. 2014-17. “Money and Macroeconomic Dynamics: Accounting System Dynamics Approach“. Edition 3.2. Awaji Island, Japan: Japan Future Research Center.

—–, —– & Yamaguchi, Yokei. 2016. “Peer-to-Peer Public Money System”. Japan Futures Research Center, Working Paper No. 02-2016, Nov 2016.

—–, —– & —–, —–. . 2016. “Head and Tail of Money Creation and its System Design Failures: Toward the Alternative System Design“. JFRC Working Paper No. 01-2016. Japan Futures research Center.

—–, —–. & —–, —–.. 2019. “Money Stock Equals Total Domestic Debts: Theory of Debt Money“. JFRC Working Paper No. 04-2019. Japan Futures Research Center.

Yang, Xuechun. 2019. “Credit as a Crux in China’s Economic Growth: Credit Expansion and its Influences on China’s Real Economy“. Unpublished Master Thesis for the degree of Master of Science in Management, Technology and Economics (MTEC), Swiss Federal Institute Of Technology, Zurich.

Zaman, Asad. 2016. “The Battle for the Control of Money“. Journal of King Abdul Aziz University: Islamic Economics, 29/2 (July 2016): 75-80.

Zarlenga, Stephen. 2004. “The Lost Science of Money“. European Business Review, 16/5: 540-44.

—–, —–. 2005. “Moving Monetary Reform to the ‘Front Burner’”. American Review of Political Economy, 3/1 (March 2005): 39-84.

—–, —–. 2010c. “Refutation of Menger’s Theory of the Origin of Money“. Valatie, NY: American Monetary Institute.

—–, —–. 2011. “How the Economists Facilitated the Crisis and Must Now Be Held Accountable”. Address at the Eastern Economic Association, 26 Feb 2011. In 3 parts. Huffington Post. The Blog. 7 June 2011. Part I ; Part II ; Part III

—–, —– & Poteat, Robert. 2016. “The Nature of Money in Modern Economy: Implications and Consequences”. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, 29/2 (July 2016): 57-73.

Zeddies, Lino. N.D. “Profit opportunities for the banking system due to deposit money creation and potentials of a sovereign money reform”. Master Thesis at the Department of Economics, Free University Berlin.

Zhu, Yu & Scott Hendry. 2018. “A Framework for Analyzing Monetary Policy in an Economy with E-money“. Available at SSRN 3318915.

C. Critiques of Just Money Theory and Reform (and responses to critiques) & MMT Discussion (critiques and responses to critiques)

C.1. Critiques of Just Money Theory

Aguilar, Victor. 2006. “An Answer To Stephen Zarlenga”. Axiomatic Theory of Economics web site.

Bacchetta, Philippe. 2017. “The Sovereign Money Initiative in Switzerland”. Swiss Finance Institute / CEPR / Université de Lausanne. [For rebuttal see Huber 2017c and Gomez 2017].

Challen, Peter & Mouatt, Simon & Shakespeare, Rodney. 2011. “The State-Issue of Currency without Usury”. In: Mouatt, Simon & Adams, Carl (Eds), Corporate and Social Transformation of Money and Banking. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 205-218.

Deutsche Bundesbank. “The Role of Banks, Non- Banks and the Central Bank in the Money Creation Process”. Deutsche Bundesbank Monthly Report, 69/4 (April 2017): 13-33. [for Critical notes see Huber 2017d].

Dixhoorn, Charlotte Van. 2013. “Full Reserve Banking: An analysis of four monetary reform plans“. A Study For The Sustainable Finance Lab, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Dow, Sheila. 2016. “The Political Economy of Monetary Reform”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40/5: 1363–1376.

—–, —– & Johnsen, Gudrun & Montagnoli, Alberto. 2015. “A Critique of Full Reserve Banking”. Sheffield Economic Research Paper no. 2015008.

Fontana, G. & Sawyer, M. 2016. “Full Reserve Banking: More ‘Cranks’ than ‘Brave Heretics”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40/5: 1333–1350 [Response by Dyson et al 2016].

Goodhart, Charles A. E. & Jensen, Meinhard A. 2015. “A Commentary on Patrizio Lainà’s ‘Proposals for Full-Reserve Banking: A Historical Survey from David Ricardo to Martin Wolf’: Currency School versus Banking School: An Ongoing Confrontation”. Economic Thought, 4/2 (28 Sep 2015): 20-31.

Grussner, Kaj. 2010. “The Dangers of Monetary Reform”. Mises Daily Articles. 18 Feb 2010.

Lietaer, Bernard et al. 2012. Money and Sustainability. The Missing Link. Axminster: Triarchy Press.

Mouatt, Simon. 2008. “Evaluating Stephen Zarlenga’s Treatment of Historical Monetary Thought”. International Journal of Social Economics, 35/11: 846-856.

Musgrave, Ralph. 2014. “The Solution is Full Reserve / 100 % Reserve Banking”. MPRA Working Paper No. 57955, 14 Aug 2014.

Nersisyan, Y. & Wray, L. Randall. 2016. “Modern Money Theory and the Facts of Experience”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40/5: 1297–1316

Pettitfor, Ann. 2014a. “Why I disagree with Martin Wolf and Positive Money”. Prime, 26 April 2014. [Response by Positive Money 2014].

—–, —–. 2014b. “Out of thin air: Why banks must be allowed to create money”. Juncture 21/1: 43-47.

Ricks, Morgan. 2017. “Safety First: The Deceptive Allure of Full Reserve Banking”. A response to Adam J. Levitin, “Safe Banking: Finance and Democracy”. Vanderbilt University Law School Public Law and Legal Theory, Working Paper Number 16-35. The University of Chicago Law Review Online, 83/1: 113-23.

Rimkus, Ron. 2016. “Vollgeld: What It Means for Fractional Reserve Banking in Switzerland”. CFA Institute.

van Suntum, Ulrich & Neugebauer, Tom. 2015. “Vollgeld, Public Debt, and the Natural Rate of Interest”. Working Paper, Centrum für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung Münster (CAWM), June 2015. [Response by Huber 2015b].

Walser, Rudolf & Baumberger, Jörg. 2014. “Empty Hopes for Full Reserve Banking: Why measured steps are a better way of reforming the financial system than bold leaps”. Avenir Suisse, 25 Mar 2014.

Wray, Randall L. 2014. “Debt-Free Money: A Non-Sequitur in Search of a Policy”. New Economic Perspectives. 1 July 2014.

C.2. Responses to Critiques of Sovereign Monetary Theory and Reform

Distelhorst, Dick. 2012 “Review of The Future of Money by Bernard Lietaer”. Published by London: Arrow Books, 2001. Valatie, NY: American Monetary Institute. [Responding to Lietear, 2012]

Dyson, Ben & Graham Hodgson, & Frank van Lerven. 2016. “A response to critiques of ‘full reserve banking’”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40/5: 1351-1361. [Response to Fontana, G. & Sawyer, M. 2016].

Gomez, Christian. 2017. “M. Bacchetta, the Swiss Banking Association and the Economic Science: An ill-assorted Love Triangle. A reply to Ph. Bacchetta’s Article: “The Sovereign Money Initiative in Switzerland: An Assessment”. [Rebuttal of Bacchetta 2017].

Huber, Joseph. 2014-18. “Confronting Criticism”. Sovereign Money: Website for New Currency Theory and Monetary Reform.

—–, —–. 2015b. “Side notes to van Suntum, Ulrich & Neugebauer, Tom”. Sovereign Money: Website for New Currency Theory and Monetary Reform. 2015.

—–, —–. 2017d. ”Critical notes on the Bundesbank publication “Remarks on a 100% reserve requirement for sight deposits“ in Bundesbank Monthly Report, Vol. 69, No. 4, April 2017, 30 – 33”. Sovereign Money: Website for New Currency Theory and Monetary Reform.

Positive Money. 2014. “Why we Disagree with Ann Pettifor”. London: Positive Money, 27 June 2014. [Response to Pettifor 2014].

—–, —–. 2015. “Sovereign Money – Common Critiques”. London: Positive Money, 22 Aug 2015.

Discussions on Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)

C.3. Critiques of MMT:

Byrne, Adrian & Hodgson, Graham. 2019. “Modern Monetary Theory and Monetary Reform Considered“. The Money Question, 27 Sep 2019 [defunct].

Eder, Jeff. 2020. “The Deficit Myth and Modern Monetary Theory Revised: The Canadian Version“. Review of The Deficit Myth by Stephanie Kelton. Progressive Money Canada, July 2020.

—–, —–. 2021. “Modern Money, Forget Theory: Debunking the MMT S(TAB) Hypothesis”. Progressive Money Canada, April 2021.

—–, —–. 2022. “Steve Keen has lost his way in a Minsky Maze”. Progressive Money Canada. [Response to Keen, 2022]

Epstein, Gerald A. 2019. What’s Wrong with Modern Money Theory? A Policy Critique. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave.

Every, Michael. 2019. “Mmm . . . MMT“. Utrecht: Rabobank/RaboResearch, 15 April 2019.

Febrero, Eladio. 2009. “Three Difficulties with Neo-chartalism“. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 31/3: 523-541.

Fiebiger, Brett. 2012. “Modern Money Theory and the ‘Real-World’ Accounting of 1-1<0: The U.S. Treasury Does Not Spend as per a Bank”. In: Fiebiger, Brett et al. 2012. Modern Monetary Theory: A Debate.

—–, —–. 2012. “A Rejoinder to ‘Modern Money Theory: A Response to Critics’ ”. In: Fiebiger, Brett et al. 2012. Modern Monetary Theory: A Debate.

Harrison, Edward. 2019. “MMT For Dummies”. Credit Writedowns, Mar 1 2019.

Henwood, Doug. 2019. “Modern Monetary Theory Isn’t Helping“. Jacobin, 21 Feb 2019.

Huber, Joseph. 2013. “Modern Money and Sovereign Currency”. Sovereign Money: Website for New Currency Theory and Monetary Reform.

—–, —–. 2014a. “Modern Money Theory and New Currency Theory”. Real-World Economics Review, 66, (13 Jan 2014): 38-57.

—–, —–. 2019a. “Modern Money Theory revisited – still the same false promise“. Sovereign Money, March 2019.

Lavoie, Marc. 2013. “The monetary and fiscal nexus of neo-chartalism: a friendly critique“. Journal of Economic Issues, 47/1: 1-32.

—–, —–. 2022. “MMT, sovereign currencies and the Eurozone“. Review of Political Economy, 34/4: 633-646.

Lonergan, Eric. 2016. “Debt-Free Money: A Brief Reply to Randall Wray“. London, Positive Money.

—–, —–. 2016. “Accounting as Religion: Buffett, Derrida, and MMT“. London, Positive Money.

Miles, Derrick. 2021. “MMT and the Green Party: A GPWA Member Perspective”. Real Progressives, 30 Jan 2021.

Mitchell, Rodger Malcolm. 2018. “The Stunning Differences Between MMT And MS“. Monetary Sovereignty – Mitchell.

Mueller, Antony P. 2019. “The magic money tree: The case against modern monetary theory (MMT)”. Research Paper Series Adam Smith Institute (ASI), UK.

Murphy, Robert P. 2011. “The Upside-Down World of MMT“. Mises Daily Articles, 23 Jan 2019. Ludwig von Mises Institute.

Musgrave, Ralph. 2014. “Charlotte Van Dixhoorn criticises Positive Money“. Ralphonomics, 12 May 2014. [Responding to van Dixhoorn, 2013]

Palley, Thomas I. 2014. “The Critics of Modern Money Theory (MMT) are Right”. IMK Working Paper, No. 132, Institut für Makroökonomie und Konjunkturforschung (IMK), Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.

—–, —–. 2015. “Money, Fiscal Policy, and Interest Rates: A Critique of Modern Monetary Theory“. Review of Political Economy, 27/1: 1-23. Also published as IMK Working Paper, No. 109, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Institut für Makroökonomie und Konjunkturforschung (IMK), Düsseldorf.

—–, —–. 2019. “Macroeconomics vs. Modern Money Theory: Some Unpleasant Keynesian Arithmetic“. Post Keynesian Economics Society, Working Paper, No. 1910.

Roche, Cullen. 2011. “Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) Critique“. Pragmatic Capitalism, 7 Sept 2011.

Schuller, Govert. 2018. “Introduction to the Problem with Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)“. Alpheus, 6 Nov 2018.

—–, —–. 2020a. “Requesting Evidence for a Crucial MMT Claim”. Blog. Alliance For Just Money, 16 Aug 2020.

—–, —–. 2020b. “Triple-column Comparison between Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), the Actual Monetary System, and Sovereign Money Reform (SMR)”. Blog. Alliance For Just Money, 21 Sept 2020.

—–, —–. 2020c. “ ‘What’s Wrong with Modern Money Theory?’: A Summary”. Blog. Alliance For Just Money, 5 Oct 2020.

—–, —–. 2022. “Did Ryan Collins go MMT?”. Paper presented at the American Monetary Institute conference, October 8, 2022. Video here.

Walsh, Steven & Zarlenga, Stephen. 2012. “Evaluation of Modern Monetary Theory”. AMI Research Paper.

C.4. Pro-MMT & Responses to Critiques of MMT

Bell [Kelton], Stephanie. 2000 “Do Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending?“. Journal of Economic Issues, 34/3: 603-620.

Berkeley, A., Ryan-Collins, J., Tye, R., Voldsgaard, A. and Wilson, N. 2022. “The self-financing state: An institutional analysis of government expenditure, revenue collection and debt issuance operations in the United Kingdom”. UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, Working Paper Series (IIPP WP 2022-08)

Carter, Zach. 2018. “Stephanie Kelton Has The Biggest Idea In Washington“. HuffPost, 5 May 2018.

Fiebiger, Brett & Fullwiler, Scott T. & Bell, Stephanie & Wray, L. Randall. 2012. “Modern Monetary Theory: A Debate“. Political Economy Research Institute Working Paper 279, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Fullwiler, Scott T. 2010. “Modern Monetary Theory-A Primer on the Operational Realities of the Monetary System“. Available at SSRN 1723198.

—–, —– & Stephanie Bell & L. Randall Wray. 2012. “Modern Money Theory: a response to critics“. SSRN – Elsevier, 2008542, 15 Jan 2012.

Keen, Steven. 2022. “A Little Knowledge is a Dangerous Thing: Observations on the debate between MMT advocates and Progressive Money Canada founder Jeff Eder”. Planksip, 30 Sept 2022.

Kelton, Stephanie & Andres Bernal & Greg Carlock, 2018. “We Can Pay For A Green New Deal“. HuffPost, 30 Nov 2018.

Montier, James. 2019. “Why Does Everyone Hate MMT?” GMO.

Nersisyan, Y. and Wray, L. Randall. 2017. “Cranks and heretics: The importance of an analytical framework“. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 41/6: 1749–60.

Ruml, Beardsley. 1946. “Taxes for Revenue are Obsolete“. American Affairs, January 1946.

Ryan-Collins, Josh. 2022. “Why the British state is a magic money tree“. The New Statesman, 26 May 2022

Tymoigne, E. and Wray, L. Randall. 2013. “Modern Money Theory 101: A Reply to Critics”. Working Paper No. 778. Annandale-on-Hudson, NY: Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

—–, —– & Wray, L. Randall. 2015. “Modern Money Theory: A Reply to Palley“. Review of Political Economy, 27/1: 24-44. .

Veale, Spencer. 2018. “Positive Money Meets Modern Monetary Theory“. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh Positive Money.

Wray, L. Randall. 2014. “From the State Theory of Money to Modern Money Theory: An Alternative to Economic Orthodoxy“. Levy Economics Institute, Working Papers Series, 792.

—–, —–. 2019. “Response to Doug Henwood’s Trolling in Jacobin“. New Economic Perspectives. 25 Feb 2019.

D. Non-academic Advocacy Pamphlets, Reports, Briefings & Books

AMI, 2010. “Kucinich Proposes Landmark Reform of Monetary Policy”. Valatie, NY: American Monetary Institute.

AMI. 2021. “AMI Conference Statement to COP26: Regarding the Monetary Dimension of Climate Change”. 11 Nov 2021. IL: American Monetary Institute.

Anon. 2019. “Open Letter: Rethinking the Role of Banks in Economics Education”. Rethink Economics.

Bikas, Konstantin & Livingstone, Zack. 2020. “Money We Trust: Designing Cash’s Digital Counterpart”. London: Positive Money.

Bongiovanni, Joe. 2016a. “That’s Not The Devil, That’s Real Money“. Econintersect, 8 Feb 2016.

—–, —–. 2016b. “Further Considerations On Lord Turner’s Monetary Finance Proposal“. Econintersect, 3 April 2016.

Bossone, Biagio & Costa Massimo. 2018. “The ‘accounting view’ of Money: Money as Equity (Part II)“. All About Finance, World Bank Blog, 21 May 2018.

Clarke, David. 2013. “How the Green party is miles ahead of the game on monetary policy”. Another Angry Voice. Blog.

—–, —–. 2017. “Poll Shows 85% of MPs Don’t Know Where Money Comes From“. London: Positive Money.

Coates, Delman. 2017. “The New Abolitionism: Monetary Reform and the Future of Social Justice”. The New Abolitionism Campaign for Monetary Freedom.

Coleridge, Greg . 2009. “A Call to Democratize Money”, Part I. By What Authority.

Cook, Richard C. 2007a. “An Emergency Program of Monetary Reform for the United States”. Global Research, 26 April 2007.

—–, —–. 2007b. “Monetary Reform and How a National Monetary System Should Work”. Global Research, 11 May 2007.

—–, —–. 2007c. “Credit as a Public Utility: the Key to Monetary Reform“. Global Research, 26 May 2007.

—–, —–. 2009a. “It’s Time for a New Monetary System”. Global Research, 23 Mar 2009.

—–, —–. 2009b. “Democratizing the US Monetary System: Urgency of the American Monetary Act”. Global Research, 6 May 2009.

—–, —–. 2009. We Hold These Truths: The Hope of Monetary Reform. Aurora, CO: Tendril Press. Review by Jamie Walton for AMI, 23 Dec 2010.

Daly, Herman. 2013. “Nationalize Money, not Banks”. The Daly News, 4 Feb 2013.

Dawnay, Emma. 2017. “Souvereign Money Initiative: The Background to the National Referendum on Sovereign Money In Switzerland“. Wettingen, Switzerland: Verein Monetäre Modernisierung (MoMo).

De Fremery, Robert. 1979. “Nozick and Locke’s Proviso”. A review of Robert Nozick’s Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Land & Liberty (Nov-Dec 1979).

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Franklin, Benjamin. 1971 (1729). “A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency“. In: Sparks, Jared (Ed), The Works of Benjamin Franklin, Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Co., 1836. Reprinted by New York: A. M. Kelley, 1971. p. 256f.

Galbraith, John Kenneth 1975. Money, whence it came, where it went. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

—–, —–. 2009. “Who Are These Economists, Anyway?” Thought & Action, Fall 2009, 85–97.

Gauvin, Marc & Sergio Dominguez. 2020. “A Systems Engineering Approach to Formal Monetary and Financial Stability Without the Vagaries of “Austerity” “. Submitted December 2020 to Monetary Research Centre (MRC), University of National and World Economy (UNWE), Sofia Bulgaria.

Goldstein, Jonathan. 2020. “A Three Class Predator-Prey Model with Financial Super Predators: The Financial Profit Squeeze“. Working paper 503 (February 2020), Political Economic Research Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Goodhart, Charles A. E. 1984. Monetary Policy in Theory and Practice. London: Macmillan.

—–, —–. 1989: “The conduct of monetary policy”. Economic Journal, 99: 293–346.

Graeber, David. 2012. Debt: The First 5,000 Years. New York, NY: Melville House.

Graziani, A. 1989. “Theory of the Monetary Circuit”. Thames Paper in Political Economy no. 89/1. Thames Polytechnic.

Greider, William. 1987. The Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Guttmann, Robert. 1994. How Credit-Money Shapes the Economy: The United States in a Global System. Armonk, NY & London, UK: E.M. Sharpe.

Hansen, Bradley A. 2002. “The Fable of the Allegory: The Wizard of Oz in Economics”. The Journal of Economic Education, 33/3: 254-264.

Hartlep, Nicholas D.& Lucille LT Eckrich & Brandon O. Hensley (Eds). The Neoliberal Agenda and the Student Debt Crisis in US Higher Education: Indebted Collegians of the Neoliberal American University. New York & London: Routledge.

Heffernan, Shelagh. 1995. “An Econometric Model of Bank Failure”. Economic and Financial Modelling, 2: 49-83.

Henderson, Hazel. 2006. “The Politics of Money“. In: Dawson, Jonathan et al (Eds), Gaian Economics: Living Well within Planetary Limits (The Economic Key). Hampshire, UK: Permanent Publications. Pp: 81-85.

Henderson, Hazel. 2014. “Mapping the Global Transition to the Solar Age“. ICAEW and Tomorrow’s Company, UK (2014).

Hetzel, Robert L. 2014. “The Real Bills Views of the Founders of the Fed”. Economic Quarterly, 100/2: 159-181.

Hossein-zadeh, Ismael. 2014a. Beyond Mainstream Explanations of the Financial Crisis: Parasitic Finance Capital. Routledge frontiers of political economy vol. 186. Oxon, UK & New York, NY: Routledge.

—–, —–. 2014b. “Parasitic Finance Capital and Inequality”. State of Nature: An Online Journal for Radical Ideas, 6 Jul 2014. Also in CounterPunch, 21/7: 20-22.

Huber, Joseph. 2021. The future of money between CBDC and stablecoins: The Diem example. Sovereign Money: Website for Monetary systems Analysis and Reform, March 2021.

Hudson, Michael 2004. “The Archaeology of Money. Debt versus Barter – Theories of Money’s Origins” In: Wray, L. Randall (Ed), Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes. Aldershot, UK & Brookfield, USA: Edward Elgar Publishers, 99–127.

—–, —–. 1972. Super Imperialism: The Strategy of American Empire. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

—–, —–. 2024. Temples of Enterprise: Creating Economic Order in the Bronze Age Near East. Dresden, Germany: ISLET Press.

—–, —– & Charles Goodhart. 2018. “Could/should Jubilee debt cancellations be reintroduced today? If not, what alternative measures of debt relief and redistribution might be possible?”. Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E- Journal, 12 (2018-45): 1–25.

Huerta De Soto, Jesús. 2006. Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles. Stroup, Melinda A. (Transl.). Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.

Hummel, William. 2006. Money What it is How it works: Second Edition. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.

Hutchinson, Frances & Burkitt, Brian. 1997. The Political Economy of Social Credit and Guild Socialism. London & New York: Routledge.

Ingham, Geoffrey. 1996. “Money is a Social Relation”. Review of Social Economy, 54/4: 507-529.

—–, —–. 1998. “On the Underdevelopment of the ‘Sociology of Money’”. Acta Sociologica, 41/1: 3-18.

—–, —–. 2001. “Fundamentals of a Theory of Money: Untangling Fine, Lapavitsas and Zelizer”. Economy and Society, 30/3: 304-323.

—–, —–. 2004. The Nature of Money. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

—–, —–. 2006. “Further Reflections on the Ontology of Money: Responses to Lapavitsas and Dodd”. Economy and Society, 35/02: 259-278.

—–, —–. 2007. “The Specificity of Money”. European Journal of Sociology, 48/2: 265–272.

—–, —–. 2008. Capitalism. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

Karimzadi, Shahzavar. 2012. Money and its Origins. London: Routledge.

Katz, Howard S. 1976. The Paper Aristocracy. New York, NY: Books in Focus.

Kay, John. 2009. Narrow Banking. The reform of Banking Regulation. London: Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation.

—–, —–. 2015. Other People’s Money. London: Profile Books.

Kellogg, Edward. 2017 (1861). A New Monetary System: The Only Means of Securing the Respective Rights of Labor and Property, and of Protecting the Public from Financial Revulsions. Andesite Press.

Kennedy, Margrit. 1995. Interest and Inflation Free Money. No place: Seva International.

Keynes, John M. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan.

King, Mervyn. 2016. The End of Alchemy: Money, Banking and the Future of the Global Economy. WW Norton & Company.

Knafo, Samuel, 2013. The Making of Modern Finance: Liberal Governance and the Gold Standard. Abingdon: Routledge.

Knapp, Georg Friedrich. 1973 (1924). The State Theory of Money. New York: A.M. Kelley.

Koo, Richard. 2014. The Escape from Balance Sheet Recession and the QE Trap. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.

Korten, David C. 1995. When Corporations Rule the World. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

—–, —–. 1999. The Post-corporate World: Life after Capitalism. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

—–, —–. 2007. The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

—–, —–. 2010. Agenda for a New Economy: From Phantom Wealth to Real Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. (Excerpt)

Kotlikoff, Laurence J. 2010. Jimmy Stewart is Dead. Ending the World’s Ongoing Plague with Limited Purpose Banking. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Kregel, Jan. 2012: “Minsky and the Narrow Banking Proposal”. Public Policy Brief, Levy Institute of Bard College, 125: 4–8.

Kuzminski, Adrian. 2013. The Ecology of Money: Debt, Growth, and Sustainability. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

Lester, Richard A. 1970 (1939). Monetary Experiments. New York: A. M. Kelley.

Lonergan, Eric. 2014. Money (The Art of Living). Second edition. Oxon, UK & New York: Routledge.

Macleod, Henry Dunning. 1889. The Theory of Credit. London: Longmans, Green.

Mairet, Philip. 1934. The Douglas Manual. London: Stanley Nott.

Marshall, Alfred. 1923. Money, Credit and Commerce. London: Macmillan.

Martin, Felix. 2015. Money: The Unauthorized Biography from Coinage to Cryptocurrencies. New York: Vintage.

Marx, Karl. 1976 (1867). Capital, Volume 1. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.

Mehrling, Perry. 2011. The New Lombard Street. How the Fed Became the Dealer of Last Resort. Princeton University Press.

Michell, J. 2016. “Do Shadow Banks Create Money? ‘Financialisation’ and the Monetary Circuit”. Economics Working Paper no. 1602, University of the West of England, Bristol.

Minsky, Hyman. 1994. “Financial Instability and the Decline(?) of Banking: Public Policy Considerations”. Working Paper No. 127, Levy Economics Institute.

Munson, Gorham 1945. Aladdin’s Lamp. The Wealth of the American People. New York: Creative Age Press.

Nason, James M., and Ellis W. Tallman. 2015. “Business cycles and financial crises: The roles of credit supply and demand shocks”. Macroeconomic Dynamics 19/4: 836-882.

Neumann, Manfred J.M. 1992. “Seigniorage in the United States: How Much does the US Government Make from Money Production?”. Federal Reserve of St. Louis, Research Review 03/1992, March-April.

Niepelt, Dirk. 2015. “Reserves for everyone – towards a new monetary regime?” VOX Policy Portal, 21 Jan 2015.

Palley, Thomas I. 2014. “The Critics of Modern Money Theory (MMT) are Right“. IMK Working Paper, No. 132, Institut für Makroökonomie und Konjunkturforschung (IMK), Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.

Pennacchi, George. 2012. “Narrow Banking”. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 4/1: 141-159.

Perry, Geraldine. 2016. “American Dreams Destroyed by Debt and a Constitution Denied“. Dissident Voice (6 May 2016).

Pettifor, Ann. 2006. The Coming First World Debt Crisis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

—–, —–. 2013. “The Power to Create Money out of Thin Air: A Review Essay of Geoffrey Ingham’s Capitalism”. Policy Research in Macroeconomics, Jan 2013.

Philipps, Chester Arthur. 1920. Bank Credit. New York: Macmillan.

Reiff, George. 2016. “Goethe and the Creation of Money: FAUST II”. George Reiff on academia.edu.

Reinhart, Carmen M. & Rogoff, Kenneth S. 2009. This Time is Different. Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press.

Rothbard, Murray N. 2008 (1983). The Mystery of Banking. 2nd. Edition, Ludwig von Mises Instiute.

Rowbotham, Michael. 1998. The Grip of Death: A Study of Modern Money, Debt Slavery, and Destructive Economics. Charbury, UK: John Carpenter.

Ryan-Collins, Josh 2015: “Is Monetary Financing Inflationary? A Case Study of the Canadian Economy, 1935–75”. Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, Working Paper No. 848, October 2015.

—–, —– & Richard A. Werner, and Jennifer Castle. 2016. “A half-century diversion of monetary policy? An empirical horse-race to identify the UK variable most likely to deliver the desired nominal GDP growth rate”. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 43 (2016): 158-176.

Sargent, Thomas J. & Wallace, Neil. 1982. “The Real-Bills Doctrine Versus the Quantity Theory: A Reconsideration“. Journal of Political Economy, 90/6: 1212-1236.

Sawyer, M. 2013. Endogenous Money, Circuits and Financialisation. Leeds, UK: Leeds University Business School.

Schemmann, Michael. 2012. Liquid Money – The Final Thing. Federal Reserve and Central Bank Accounts for Everyone. Durham, NC: IICPA Publications.

—–, —–. 2012. “Accounting Perversion in Bank Financial Statements: Root Cause of the Ongoing Global Financial Crisis”. IICPA Publications.

—–, —–. 2015. “Putting a Stop to Fictitious Bank Accounting”. IICPA Publications.

Schumpeter, Joseph. 1934 (1912). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

—–, —–. 1954. History of Economic Analysis. London: Allen and Unwin.

Shaxson, Nicholas. 2018. The Finance Curse: How Global Finance Is Making Us All Poorer. New York & London: Penguin.

Simons, Henry C. 1948. ”Positive Programme for Laissez Faire: Some Proposals for a Liberal Economic Policy” and “Rules versus Authorities in Monetary Policy”. Both articles in: H.C. Simons. 1948. Economic Policy for a Free Society, The University of Chicago Press. First published as ‘Rules versus…’, The Journal of Political Economy, 44 (1936) 1–30.

Sklansky, Jeffrey. 2012. “The Elusive Sovereign: New Intellectual and Social Histories of Capitalism”. Modern Intellectual History, 9/1: 233-248.

—–, —–. 2017. Sovereign of the Market: The Money Question in Early America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Soddy, Frederick. 1926. Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt. London: Allen & Unwin.

—–, —–. 1934. The Role of Money. What it should be, contrasted with what it has become. London: George Routledge and Sons Ltd.

Stiglitz, Joseph et al. 2010. The Stiglitz Report. Reforming the International Monetary and Financial Systems in the Wake of the Global Crisis. New York & London: The New Press.

Tallman, Ellis W., and Elmus Wicker. 2010. “Banking and Financial Crises in United States History: What Guidance can History Offer Policymakers?” MPRA Paper No. 21839.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. 1992 (1962). “Modern Money Mechanics“. Chicago, IL: Public Information Center, The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

Tobin, James. 1992. “Money”. In: Eatwell, J., Milgate, M., Newman, P. (Eds), The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Money and Finance, vol. 2, London: Macmillan. 770 – 779.

Turner, Adair. 2015. Between Debt and the Devil: Money, Credit, and Fixing Global Finance. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

van Doornen, Heske. 2017. “Going Beyond Exchange“. Economic Questions, Blog of the Young Scholars Initiative, 15 May 2017.

Verhagen, Frans C. 2012. The Tierra Solution: Resolving Climate Change Through Monetary Transformation. New York: Cosimo Books.

Werner, Richard A. 2014. “Enhanced Debt Management: Solving the Eurozone Crisis by Linking Debt Management with Fiscal and Monetary Policy”. Journal of International Money and Finance, 49 (Dec 2014): 443-469.

Wicker, Elmus. 2015. The Great Debate on Banking Reform: Nelson Aldrich and the Origins of the Fed. Columbus, OH: Ohio State U.P.

Withers, Hartley 1909. The Meaning of Money. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Wolf, Martin. 2015. The Shifts and the Shocks: What We’ve Learned–and Have Still to Learn–from the Financial Crisis. New York & London: Penguin.

Wood, John H. 1981. “Benjamin Franklin and Monetary Policy in Colonial Pennsylvania”. Economic Perspectives, 5/2: 22-23.

Wortmann, Edgar. 2019. “Ons Geld, Vollgeld and Positive Money“. Ons Geld, 9 Sept 2019.

Yamaguchi, Kaoru.1988. Beyond Walras, Keynes, and Marx: Synthesis in Economic Theory Toward a New Social Design. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

—–, —–. 1990. “Fundamentals of a new economic paradigm in the information age”. Futures, 22/10: 1023-1036.

—–, —–. 2003. “Principle of Accounting System Dynamics: Modeling corporate financial statements”. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, New York, USA, 2003. System Dynamics Society.

—–, —–. 2008. “Logical vs Historical Time in a Price Adjustment Mechanism”. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2009. The System Dynamics Society.

Yuran, Noam, 2014. What Money Wants: An Economy of Desire. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Zarlenga, Stephen. 1999. “Germany’s 1923 Hyperinflation: A ‘Private’ Affair“. The Barnes Review (July-Aug): 61-7.

Zelizer, Viviana A. 1994. The Social Meaning of Money: Pin Money, Paychecks, Poor Relief, and Other Currencies. New York: Basic Books.

F. Journalistic Articles Addressing Monetary Reform

Aaltonen, Valtteri. 2016. “Parliament event on monetary reform paves the way for citizens’ initiative”. International Movement for Monetary Reform, 25 Oct 2016.

Agence France Press. 2015. “Iceland looks at ending boom and bust with radical money plan”. The Telegraph (UK), 31 March 2015.

Baker, Scott. 2010. “Stephen Zarlenga’s American Monetary Act: A Review“. HuffPost, 21 Dec 2010.

—–, —–. 2012. “The Instant Solution to the New Depression: Debt-free Money”. HuffPost, 4 june 2012.

—–, —–. 2015. America Is Not Broke: Four M ulti-trillion Paths to a Thriving America. Oakland, CA: Next Revelation Press.

Bholat, David & Gutierrez, Karla Martinez. 2019. “The Ownership of Central Banks“. Bank Underground, 18 Oct 2019.

Bjerg, Ole. 2015. “Who Makes our Money?: Economics and Politics in the Age of Crisis Capitalism”. Oxford Left Review, 14 (2015): 34-41.

Bjerg, Ole. 2017a. “The butcher, the brewer, the ba(n)ker and the nature of money“. London School of Economics Business Review, 1 Mar 2017.

Bjerg, Ole. 2017b. “The politics of transition: From ecology to money… and back”. Ephemera 17/1: 167-173.

Bongioivanni, Joe. 2016. “The Problem With Money And Banking: Inseparability”. Econintersect.com, 19 June 2016.

Bosley, Catherine. 2018. “Why Swiss Vollgeld Vote Has the Central Bank Nervous”. Bloomberg Businessweek, 18 Feb 2018.

Brown, Ellen. 2009. “Revive Lincoln’s Monetary Policy: An Open Letter to President Obama“. Web of Debt, 9 April 2009.

—–, —–. 2013. “What We Could Do with a Postal Savings Bank: Infrastructure that Doesn’t Cost Taxpayers a Dime“. The Web of Debt, 23 Sept 2013.

—–, —–. 2015. “Fast Track Hands the Money Monopoly to Private Banks, Permanently”. Truthout, 15 June 2015.

—–, —–. 2018. “This Radical Plan to Fund the ‘Green New Deal’ Just Might Work“. Web of Debt, 18 Dec 2018.

Cochrane, John H. 2013. “Stopping Bank Crises Before They Start”. Wall Street Journal, June 24.

Cook, Richard C. – Archive on Global Research.

—–, —–. 2007. “An Emergency Program of Monetary Reform for the United States”. Global Research, 26 April 2007.

—–, —–. 2007. “Monetary Reform and How a National Monetary System Should Work”. Global Research, 11 May 2007.

—–, —–. 2007. “Credit as a Public Utility: the Key to Monetary Reform“. Global Research, 26 May 2007.

—–, —–. 2007c. “C.H. Douglas: Pioneer of Monetary Reform”. Global Research, 24 Sep 2007.

—–, —–. 2007d. “The 2008 Presidential Election: Concepts Progressives Must Know About Monetary Policy and History”. Global Research, 14 Dec 2007.

—–, —–. 2009. “It’s Time for a New Monetary System”. Global Research, 23 Mar 2009.

—–, —–. 2009. “Democratizing the US Monetary System: Urgency of the American Monetary Act”. Global Research, 6 May 2009.

—–, —–. 2009. We Hold These Truths: The Hope of Monetary Reform. Aurora, CO: Tendril Press. Review by Jamie Walton for AMI, 23 Dec 2010.

—–, —–. 2009. “Credit As A Public Utility: The Solution to the Economic Crisis“. A video in Six Parts. Global Research, 28 Mar 2009. Part 2; Part 3; Part 4; Part 5; Part 6.

—–, —–. 2013. “The Gaia Plan“. Presentation at the Public Banking 2013: Funding the New Economy Conference, San Rafael, CA, June 2013. Public Banking TV on YouTube, 21 June 2013.

—–, —–. 2017. “The Usury Based System. Towards A Worldwide Financial Disaster?” Global Research, 27 April 2017.

—–, —–. 2019. Universal Basic Income and the 2020 Election: Redistribution by Taxing the Rich. Global Research, 18 Oct 2019.

—–, —–. 2020. “My Journey“. The Alliance For Just Money, 18 Aug 2020.

Coppola, Frances. 2014. Martin Wolf Proposes the Death of Banking”. Pieria, 25 April 2014.

Chrispin, Sebastian. 2015. “Reality Check: Could the Greens change how money works?” BBC News, 5 May 2015.

Clarke, Bill. 2001. “Case for Monetary Reform”. Prosperity, July 2001.

Daneke, Gregory A. 2023. “When Wank Became Swank: Money, Banking, and The Evolution of the All-Debt Economy“. Medium, 31 Aug 2023.

Di Muzio, Tim. 2019. “The Major Problems with Bank Money Creation“. Alliance For Just Money, 4 June 2019.

Di Muzio, Tim. 2019. “Brief Discussion of Money“. Alliance For Just Money, 21 Mar 2019. (Excerpt from The Tragedy of Human Development).

Douglas, Jason. 2015. “U.K. Activist Group Emerges as Voice for Monetary Reform”. The Wall Street Journal, 19 Aug 2015.

Dyson, Ben. 2011. “Money has been P rivatised by S tealth”. The Guardian – UK, 15 Nov 2011.

—–, —–. 2014. ”Change to UK’s money system could solve our long-term economic problems”. The Guardian, 6 Feb 2014. .

Clarke, Bill. 2001. “The Case for Monetary Reform”. Prosperity, July 2001.

Douglas, Jason. 2015. “U.K. Activist Group Emerges as Voice for Monetary Reform”. The Wall Street Journal, 19 Aug 2015.

Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose. 2012. “IMF’s Epic Plan to Conjure Away Debt and Dethrone Bankers”. The Telegraph, UK, 21 Oct 2012.

Ferguson, Paul. 2014. “Banks don’t work the way you think – but they should”. Independent (Ireland), 3 April 2014.

Graeber, David. 2014. “The truth is out: money is just an IOU, and the banks are rolling in it”. The Guardian, 18 March 2014.

—–, —–. 2019. “Against Economics“. Review of Skidelsky’s Money and Government. New York Review of Books, 66/19 (5 Dec 2019).

Grim, Ryan. 2013. “Priceless: How The Federal Reserve Bought The Economics Profession”. HuffPost, 13 May 2013.

Hickel, Jason. 2016. “To deal with climate change we need a new financial system”. The Guardian, 5 Nov 2016.

Hockett, Robert. 2020. “Digital Greenbacks“. Forbes, 17 May 2020.

Howell, John. 2017a. “Who creates money and where does it go?” The Athens Messenger, 25 Jan 2017.

—–, —–. 2017b. “Why money creation is central to most of the problems faced by society”. Athens, OH: Democracy over Corporations.

Hulsmann, Jorg Guido & Patrizio Laina & Joseph Huber & Ib Ravn & Bryan Gould. 2020. “Letter: It’s time to reconsider full reserve banking”. Financial Times (UK), 30 Aug 2020.

Joób, Mark. 2014. “The Sovereign Money Initiative in Switzerland“. World Economics Association Newsletter, 4/3 (June 2014): 6-7. (Comments here)

Jourdan, Stan. 2016. “Finland: Parliament Event on Monetary Reform Paves the Way for Citizens’ Initiative”. International Movement for Monetary Reform,25 Oct 2016.

Keen, Steve. 2015. “Nobody Understands Debt — Including Paul Krugman“. Forbes, 10 Feb 2015.

—–, —–. 2020. “A Modern Jubilee as a Cure to the Financial Ills of the Coronavirus“. Brave New Europe, 7 March 2020.

Khan, Mehreen. 2015. “Switzerland to vote on banning banks from creating money”. The Telegraph (UK), 23 Dec 2015.

Klein, Manuel. 2016. “IMMR at the World Social Forum 2016 in Montreal”. International Movement for Monetary Reform.

Krugman, Paul. 2014. “Why Weren’t Alarm Bells Ringing?” The New York Review of Books, 23 Oct 2014.

Kummer, Larry. 2012. “The lost history of money: An antidote to the myths“. Fabius Maximus Web Site, 12 Dec 2012.

Lovas, Gabriella & Black, Jeff. 2016. “Banker Who’d Revolutionize Money Says It Can Be Done From Within“. Bloomberg, 16 Aug 2016.

Lavoie, Marc. 2019. “Endorsing the Money-Creation View of Banking“. Rethinking Economics.

Lyons, Matthew. 2018. “Will Switzerland Be The First Country In The World To Introduce A Sovereign Money System?” London: Positive Money, 28 Feb 2018.

Macquarie, Rob. 2018. “A Green Bank of England: Central Banking for a Low-Carbon Economy“. London: Positive Money.

Mayer, Thomas. 2013: “Banish Fractional Reserve Banking for Real Reform”. Financial Times, 24 June 2013.

Mellor, Mary. 2019. “Our conception of money is based in fairytale – this has led us to austerity“. The Independent (UK), 21 June 2019.

Mitchell, Rodger Malcolm. 2018. “What is the real purpose of money? Gap Psychology and fairness. You may never have thought of it this way”. Monetary Sovereignty Blog, 11 May 2018.

Murphy, Richard. 2024. “Central bankers on their ability of banks to create money out of thin air“. Funding the Future, 6 Jan 2024.

Murphy, Robert P. 2020. “Do the Textbooks Get Money and Banking Backwards?“. Mises Wire, Mises Institute, 2 April 2020.

Nielsen, Robert. 2014. “Endogenous Money Or How Loans Create Deposits”. Whistling In The Wind, 7 Feb 2014.

Olson, Thomas L. 2020. “Law on the Edge: The Credit River Case and the Fixations of Jerome Daly 1960-1990“. The Minnesota Legal History Project.

Ongweso Jr, Edward. 2023. “Saule Omarova’s Plan to Remake the Financial System“. Dissent, Fall 2023.

Picchioni, Costanza. 2020. “Lessons From Libra: The Future Of Digital Currency“. The Money Question, 10 Feb 2020 [defunct].

Robbins, Richard H. 2019. “Confronting the Tyranny of the Rate of Return“. Academia.edu.

Roberts, Paul Craig & Kranzler, Dave, Hudson, Michael. “Do Financial Markets Still Exist?“. Institute for Political Economy, 12 Feb 2018.

Robertson, James. 2007. “The History of Money: From Its Origins to Our Time“. Paris: Autrement.

Roche, Cullen. 2010. “The Concept of Vertical and Horizontal Money Creation”. Seeking Alpha, 5 April 2010.

Rudnyckyj, Daromir & Sayeed, Rehan. 2019. “The Money Question in Islamic Finance“. Academia.edu, 25 Oct 2019.

Smith, Adam. 2019a. “Much Ado About 1974: The Bank of Canada and the 70s“. Understanding Canada Web Site, 23 Nov 2019.

—–, —–. 2019b. “Making the case for public money creation in Canada“. Understanding Canada Web Site, 23 May 2019.

Switzer, Howard. 2018. “Weaving a Unifying Narrative: The Money Thread“. Green Horizon, 15/36: 4-6.

The Economist. 2016. “Shake Your Money Makers”. The Economist, 27 Feb 2016.

Tily, Geoff. 2016. “Academics and Civil Society Clash on Money“. Prime Blogs, 18 July 2016.

Tuckwell, David. 2017. “Steve Keen: B anks C reate M oney, F intechs D on’t”. Altfi, 7 June 2017

Turner, Adair. 2012. “Monetary and Financial Stability: Lessons from the Crisis and from Classic Economics Texts“. Speech at South African Reserve Bank, 2 Nov 2012.

van Lerven, Frank. 2016. “A Guide to Public Money Creation: Outlining the Alternatives to Quantitative Easing“. London: Positive Money.

—–, —–. 2017a. “Setting the Record Straight: Sovereign Money is not Full-Reserve Banking“. Positive Money, 27 April 2017.

—–, —–. 2017b. “Two Thirds of Lenders Using Underhand Tactics for Consumer Loans“. Positive Money, 18 April 2018.

—–, —–. 2017c. “Inflation Rises and Living Standards Fall: How Can the Bank of England Respond?” Positive Money, 11 April 2017.

—–, —–. 2018a. “A Government is not a Household“. Positive Money, 29 Oct 2018.

—–, —–. 2018b. “The Bank of England and a 1.5°C Green Transition: Reshaping Finance“. Briefing Note, New Economics Foundation, 16 Oct 2018.

—–, —–. 2018c. “Ending the Fiscal-Monetary Tug-o-War“. Positive Money, 29 Aug 2018.

Voss, Jason. 2016. “Is This the End of Fractional Reserve Banking?”. CFA Institute.

Walsh, Steven & Zarlenga, Stephen. 2012. “Evaluation of Modern Monetary Theory”. AMI research paper. Valatie, NY: American Monetary Institute.

Walton, Jamie. 2009. “Why States Going into the Banking Business Would be a Distraction, not a Solution to their Fiscal Problem“. Valatie, NY: American Monetary Institute.

—–, —–. 2010. “Review of Ellen Brown’s The Web of Debt”. Valatie, NY: American Monetary Institute.

Whittington, Les. 2015. “Rocco Galati in court to challenge how Bank of Canada does business”. The Toronto Star, 23 Mar 2015.

Williams, Zoe. 2017. “How the Actual Magic Money Tree Works”. The Guardian, 29 Oct 2017.

Wolf, Martin. 2014. “Strip private banks of their power to create money“. Financial Times, April 24, 2014.

Wortmann, Edgar. 2018. “Design Principles for CBDC“. International Movement for Monetary Reform, 28 June 2018.

Zarlenga, Stephen. 2011a. “Greening the Dollar”. Huffington Post. The Blog, 13 July 2011.

—–, —–. 2011b. “Congressman Dennis Kucinich’s Briefing to Solve the Debt Crisis”. Huffington Post, The Blog. 11 Aug 2011.

—–, —–. 2011c. “‘Front Running’ Against Humanity in the Oil Markets”. Huffington Post, The Blog, 26 Aug 2011.

—–, —–. 2012. “Completing Our Fourth of July Declaration”. Huffington Post, The Blog, 13 July 2012.

—–, —–. 2013a. “What Would a Trillion Dollar Coin Mean?” Huffington Post, The Blog, 1 Jan 2013.

—–, —–. 2013b. “Sequesters, Shutdowns And Defaults”. Huffington Post, The Blog, 11 Oct 2013.

—–, —–. 2014b. “Obama and Holder’s Weak Call for Justice”. Huffington Post, The Blog, 26 Aug 2014.

—–, —–. 2015. “Monetary Reform and Some July 4th Thoughts”. Huffington Post, The Blog, 8 July 2015.

—–, —– & Coleridge, Greg. 2011. “Reducing U.S. Debt and Creating Jobs Through Public Control of Our Money System”. Huffington Post, The Blog, 3 May 2011.

G. Educational and Promotional Videos (and other media)

1. TOP 12 Videos

2. Videos Produced in the Monetary Reform Movement

3. Other Monetary Theory and Reform Videos of Interest

G.1. TOP 12 VIDEOS

Bjerg, Ole. 2016. “Where does money come from?“ TEDxCopenhagen, 24 May 2016.

Bongiovanni, Joe. 2013. “Why Monetary Reform Must Become Your Number One Issue“. Argusfest on YouTube, 29 Sept 2013.

Dyson, Ben. 2014. “Why Our Monetary System Is Broken and How It Can Be Fixed“. Presentation at the Economy, People and Planet conference at the Copenhagen Business School (CBS). Positive Money on YouTube, 1 Oct 2014.

Grant, Victoria. “12 year old child reveals one of the best kept secrets in the world”. Public Banking Institute, 5 May 2013.

Hammon, Virginia. 2019. “How We Can Pay for a Better World: Change the Money System“. How We Pay for a Better World, YouTube, 30 Aug 2019.

Hammon, Virginia. 2020. “A Solution to the Crisis – Just Money Now!“. How We Pay for a Better World, YouTube, 21 July 2020.

Kucinich, Dennis. 2012. “The Key to Economic Recovery; Kucinich Explains Monetary Reform”. DJ Kucinich on YouTube, 8 May 2012.

Positive Money. 2011. “A Simple Solution to the Debt Crisis“. Positive Money on YouTube, 13 Aug 2011.

—–, —–. 2013. “What Is Money?“. Positive Money on YouTube, 13 May 2013.

—–, —–. 2013. “10 year old explains the truth about where money comes from…” Positive Money on YouTube, 4 Sep 2013.

Wolf, Martin. 2014. “Case for Radical Monetary Reform“. Keynote speech at “Bridging Theory and Practice” conference organized by the Sustainable Finance Lab, Amsterdam, 14 Dec 2016. Sustainable Finance Lab on YouTube, 16 Oct 2018. (Accompanying slides)

Zarlenga, Stephen. 2009. “Nationalize the Fed: End Banks Power to Create Money”. Recorded 2 May 2009, YouTube, 22 June 2009.

. G.2. VIDEOS PRODUCED IN THE MONETARY REFORM MOVEMENT

American Monetary Institute. Collection of Videos. American Monetary Institute channel on YouTube.

Bezemer, Dirk. 2013. “Debt, a G reat Invention”. Debt, episode 1. University of Groningen on YouTube, 13 June 2013.

Boait, Fran. 2013. “How the current money system is damaging Businesses, Society and Environment“. Presentation at the Positive Money Conference, January 2013. Positive Money on YouTube, 22 Mar 2013.

—–, —–. 2014. “How does the money system affect Inequality, Housing & Environment?“. Positive Money on YouTube, 21 Dec 2014.

Bongiovanni, Joe. 2013. “Why Monetary Reform Must Become Your Number One Issue“. Argusfest on YouTube, 29 Sept 2013.

—–, —–. 2014. “Why Should GUV Borrow? Who Controls the Money?“. Economic Stability on YouTube, 25 Jan 2014.

—–, —–. 2017. “On Public Money: Thoughts on our Monetary Sytem, and our History of Public Money“. Presentation at the 2017 “Democracy Convention”, Minneapolis, MS. AMI on YouTube, 9 Aug 2017.

Chalmers, Patrick. 2013. “Why doesn’t the Media understand Money?“. Presentation at the Positive Money Conference, January 2013. Positive Money on YouTube, 22 Feb 2013.

Chick, Victoria. 2013. “Why don’t Economists understand money?” Presentation at the Positive Money Conference, January 2013. Positive Money on YouTube, 6 Mar 2013.

Coates, Delman. 2016. “The New Abolitionism: Monetary Reform and the Struggle for Human Rights “. Presentation at the 12th AMI Conference, Chicago, September 2016. AMI on YouTube, 12 Oct 2016.

—–, —–. 2017. “The New Abolitionism: Monetary Reform and the Future of Social Justice”. Presentation at the 2017 Democracy Convention, Minneapolis, MS. AMI on YouTube, 9 Aug 2017.

Collins, Josh Ryan & Gabor, Daniela & Dyson, Ben & Werner, Richard. 2014. “Money and Banking”. Rethinking Economics, London Conference, June 2014. RE YouTube Channel, 25 Aug 2014.

Constancio, Vitor. 2011. “Challenges to monetary policy in 2012”. Speech at 26th International Conference on Interest Rates, Frankfurt am Main, Vol 8, 2011.

Dawnay, Emma & Degiacomi, Maurizio. 2018. “Lessons learnt from the Swiss Referendum on Sovereign Money“. Presentation at The Future of Money – 10 Years after Lehmann and Nakamoto Conference at the Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 30 Jan 2018.

Dietz, Rob, Herman Daly, and Dan O’Neill. 2019. Enough is enough: Building a sustainable economy in a world of finite resources. YouTube, 15 Mar 2019.

Dyson, Ben. 2012. “Power of Banks vs Democracy“. Positive Money on YouTube 24 Oct 2012.

—–, —–. 2013. “How to Fix Banking“. Presentation at the Positive Money Conference, January 2013. Positive Money on YouTube, 19 Feb 2013.

—–, —–. 2014. “Why Our Monetary System Is Broken and How It Can Be Fixed“. Presentation at the Economy, People and Planet conference at the Copenhagen Business School (CBS). Positive Money on YouTube, 1 Oct 2014.

Eckrich, Lucille & Walsh, Steven. 2017. “Money, Schooling and Educators: Creating a Critically-Informed Movement for Monetary Reform and Ecojustice“. Presentation at the 2017 Democracy Convention, Minneapolis, MS. AMI on YouTube, 9 Aug 2017.

Eder, Jeff. 2020. “Banking for a Better World“. Progressive Money Canada, 6 Sep 2020.

—–, —–. 2021. “Modern Money, Forget Theory: Debunking the MMT S(TAB) Hypothesis”. Part 1. Video file. Progressive Money Canada, 29 April 2021.

—–, —–. 2021. “Modern Money, Forget Theory: How Government Financing Actually Works (TAB)S”. Part 2. Video file. Progressive Money Canada, 17 May 2021.

Funny Money. 2023. “Decolonizing International Economy: Featuring Fadhel Kabou“. Funny Money YouTube Channel, 25 Aug 2023.

Graham, M Jayson. 2021. “The Economic Narrative”. Conversation with Mr. Mark Young. Podcast. The M Jayson Graham Show, Jan 24 2021.

GREG. 2020. “Is there a Magic Money Tree? A Talk with Radhika Desai, Yasin Kaya and Gary Porter“. Video file. Geopolitical Economy Research Group (GREG), University of Manitoba, Canada, 22 Oct 2020.

Egnatz, Nick. 2016. “On Social Justice through Monetary Reform”. Presentation at the 11th AMI Conference, Chicago, September 2015. AMI on YouTube, 27 Jan 2016.

Hammon, Virginia. 2019. “How We Can Pay for a Better World: Change the Money System“. How We Pay for a Better World. YouTube, 30 Aug 2019.

—–, —–. 2020. “A Solution to the Crisis – Just Money Now!“. How We Pay for a Better World, YouTube, 21 July 2020.

Huber, Joseph. 2016. “How The Money System Works“. Presentation at the American Monetary Institute Conference, 2016. American Monetary Institute on YouTube, 16 Dec 2016.

Kucinich, Dennis. 2009. “Dennis Kucinich addresses AMI Monetary Reform Conference Participants 2009“. Presentation at the 5th AMI Conference, Chicago, September 27, 2009. AMI on YouTube, 13 Oct 2009.

—–, —–. 2010a. “Dennis Kucinich 5 Minutes on Money on House Floor”. AMI on YouTube, 16 Aug 2010.

—–, —–. 2010b. “Dennis Kucinich speaks on the American Monetary Act in House of Representatives – Part 1”. AMI on YouTube, 8 June 2010.

—–, —–. 2012. “The Key to Economic Recovery; Kucinich Explains Monetary Reform”. DJ Kucinich on YouTube, 8 May 2012.

Kumhof, Michael. 2019. “Banks are not Intermediaries of Loanable Funds“. Positiva Pengar on YouTube, 13 July 2019.

Kuypers, Stef. 2018. “Man Made Money“. TEDxTalks on YouTube, 16 Feb 2018.

Positive Money. Collection of Videos. Positive Money on YouTube.

—–, —–. 2011. “A Simple Solution to the Debt Crisis“. Positive Money on YouTube, 13 Aug 2011.

—–, —–. 2012. “House Prices: Why are they so high?“. Positive Money on YouTube, 18 Sept 2012.

—–, —–. 2012. “Why is there so much Debt?“. Positive Money on YouTube, 24 Oct 2012.

—–, —–. 2013. “What Is Money?“. Positive Money on YouTube, 13 May 2013.

—–, —–. 2013. “Inequality: Why are the rich getting richer?“. Positive Money on YouTube, 2 Aug 2013.

—–, —–. 2013. “10 year old explains the truth about where money comes from…” Positive Money on YouTube, 4 Sep 2013.

—–, —–. 2014. “Could These 3 Simple Changes to Banking Fix the Economy?” Positive Money on YouTube, 16 Jan 2014.

—–, —–. 2014. “How to waste £445 billion? (The Failure of Quantitative Easing)“. Positive Money on YouTube, 27 June 2014

—–, —–. 2014. “Banking 101“. 6 Videos. Positive Money on YouTube, 30 June 2014.

—–, —–. 2019. “It’s the banks, stupid“. Positive Money on YouTube, 8 Aug 2019.

Melor, Mary. 2010. “Money is Us: The Social and Public Nature of Money“. Presentation at the Positive Money Student Conference on Monetary Reform and Fractional Reserve Banking. In three parts. Positive Money on YouTube, 14 Dec 2010.

Morris, Miriam. 2013. “How to change the money system“. Presentation at the Positive Money Conference, January 2013. Positive Money on YouTube, 12 Mar 2013.

Poteat, Robert. 2010. “The Case for Monetary Reform“. Presentation at the 6th Annual AMI Conference, Chicago, September 2010. AMI on YouTube, 14 Oct 2010. [Not complete]

Schularick, Moritz. 2021. “Central Bank Balance Sheets and the Macroeconomy: 1587-2020“. Paris School of Economics on YouTube, 31 May 2021.

Switzer, Howard. 2017. “Climate Change and Money: Hacking at the Root“. Presentation at the 2017 Democracy Convention, Minneapolis, MS. AMI on YouTube, 14 Aug 2017.

The Monetary Institute. 2018. “Our Money, Our Banks, Our Country – Money Creation in the Modern Economy“. Conference on the Swiss Vollgeld initiative held in Zurich, Switzerland on February 5, 2018.

Tily, Geoff. 2016. “Academics and civil society clash on money“. Policy Research in Macroeconomics, 18 July 2016.

Turner, Adair. 2014. “The Need for Radical Change”. Keynote Speech, Rethinking Economics, London Conference, June 2014. RE YouTube Channel, 25 Aug 2014.

—–, —–. 2015. “A new era for monetary policy“. Positive Money YouTube Channel, 17 Feb 2015.

Walton, Jamie et al. 2017. “On Public Money: The Need Act“. Presentation at the 2017 Democracy Convention, Minneapolis, MS. AMI on YouTube, 26 Aug 2017.

Zarlenga, Stephen. 2009. “Nationalize the Fed: End Banks Power to Create Money”. Recorded 2 May 2009. YouTube, 22 June 2009.

—–, —–. 2010a. “AMI’s Purpose, Objectives and Methodology“. Presentation at the 6th Annual AMI Conference, Chicago, September 2010. AMI on YouTube, 13 Oct 2010.

—–, —–. 2010b. “Introduction to The American Monetary Institute “. AMI on YouTube, 4 Jan 2010.

G.3. OTHER MONETARY THEORY AND REFORM VIDEOS OF INTEREST

Altraide, Dagogo. 2017. “Who Controls All of Our Money?“. ColdFusion on YouTube, 11 June 2017.

—–, —–. 2020. “How is Money Created? – Everything You Need to Know”. ColdFusion on YouTube, 8 June 2020.

Anon. “Solutions Unincorporated – My Name Is William”. Interview with William Abram. D See Video Productions, 4 Feb 2013.

Anon. 2012. “Where does money come from? Waar komt geld vandaan? Var kommer pengarna ifrån?” Vastgoedzeepbel, 21 Nov 2012. .

Anon. 2013. “Hitler finds out how money is created“. Ville livarinen, 18 Sep 2013.

Bjerg, Ole. 2016. “Where does money come from? “ TEDxCopenhagen, 24 May 2016.

Brown, Ellen. 2016. “Taking Back the Money Power: The Public Option in Banking“. (Q&A). Argusfest on YouTube, 13 Nov 2016.

Bruce, Jim. 2013. “Money for Nothing: Inside the Federal Reserve“. Liberty Street Films, 7 June 2013.

Conference videos: The Future of Money – 10 years after Lehman and Nakamoto. November 2018, Frankfurt, Germany. Frankfurt School of Finance and Management.

Conference videos: The Future of Money – Central Bank Digital Currency and Beyond. 15 June 2019, Stockholm, Sweden. Positiva Pengar

Corbett, James. 2014. “Century of Enslavement“. The Corbett Report, 11 July 2014.

Dalio, Ray. 2013. “How The Economic Machine Works“. YouTube, 22 Sept 2013.

Desan, Christine. 2011. “Booms and Busts: The Legal Dynamics of Modern Money “. OpenCulture.com, 12.

—–, —–. 2013. “Modern Money & Public Purpose 5: Constitutional History ”. Presentation at seminar, “Money, Democracy and the Constitution: Revolutionary Experience in the United States”. Modern Money Network, 16 Mar 2013.

—–, —–. 2017. “The Dollar as a Democratic Medium: Making Money a Currency of Social Justice ”. HLS Thinks Big, 23 May 2017.

Dietz, Rob, Herman Daly, and Dan O’Neill. 2019. Enough is enough: Building a sustainable economy in a world of finite resources. Video.

Funny Money. 2023. “Decolonizing International Economy: Featuring Fadhel Kabou“. Funny Money YouTube Channel, 25 Aug 2023.

Graeber, David. 2017. “Where Did Money Really Come From? ”. YouTube, 17 Oct 2017.

Grant, Victoria. “12 year old child reveals one of the best kept secrets in the world”. Public Banking Institute, 5 May 2013.

Horwath, Mike & Oswald, Michael. 2012. “97% Owned – Economic Truth documentary – How is Money Created “. Documentary. Independent POV. YouTube, May 1 2012.

Huber, Joseph. 2018. “Vollgeld – Yes, Implementing a Sovereign Money System“. Presentation at “Our Money, Our Banks, Our Country – Money Creation in the Modern Economy” conference by The Monetary Institute, Zürich, February 2018. The Monetary Institute on YouTube, 23 April 2018.

Kamp, Diane & Dave Zollinger. 2008. “Stephen Zarlenga Talks About the Lost Science of Money”. Demcracy’s Edge talk radio. 48m31s. Internet Archive, 20 Oct 2008.

Klein, Manuel et al. 2018. “The Future of Money – 10 years after Lehman and Nakamoto” (Conference). Conference videos and papers. Berlin, Germany: Monetative, 24 Nov 2018.

Kotlikoff, Larry. 2018. “Why I Support Sovereign Money“. Presentation at “Our Money, Our Banks, Our Country – Money Creation in the Modern Economy” conference by The Monetary Institute, Zürich, February 2018. The Monetary Institute on YouTube, 23 April 2018.

Kumhof, Micheal. 2013. “The Chicago Plan Revisited “. London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), 22 Nov 2013.

Kuypers, Stef. 2019. Money, behavior and society: T he invisible link. TEDxAntwerp, Nov 2019.

Monetary Institute. Collection of Presentations. From “Our Money, Our Banks, Our Country – Money Creation in the Modern Economy” conference by the Monetary Institute, Zürich, February 2018. The Monetary Institute on YouTube.

Niepelt, Dirk & Rimkus, Ron. 2016. “Contemplating the End of Fractional Reserve Banking in Switzerland”. CFA Institute.

Orrrefur, Samuel K. et al (Eds). 2019. “The Future of Money: Central Bank Digital Currency and Beyond “. Conference videos. Stockholm: Positiva Pengar, 15 June 2019.

Oswald, Michael. 2014. “Princes of the Yen: Central Banks and the Transformation of the Economy”. Documentary. Independent POV. YouTube, 4 Nov 2014.

Oxley, James. 2014. “Money creation in the modern economy – Quarterly Bulletin Article”. Bank of England on YouTube, 12 Mar 2014.

—–, —–. 2014. “Money in the modern economy: An introduction – Quarterly Bulletin Article”. Bank of England on YouTube, 12 Mar 2014.

Permanent Commission on Finance. 2015. “Round table conversation on the money system“. Hearing at the Permanent Commission on Finance of the Second Chamber of the States General of the Netherlands. Troelstra Hall. 14 Oct 2015.

Public Banking Institute. Collection of Videos. Argusfest on YouTube.

Reiss, Michael. 2012. “Money… How It Works”. Unconventional Economics YouTube Channel, 22 dec 2012.

Rosenblith, Alan (Dir). 2012. “The Money Fix – A Documentary for Monetary Reform ”.

Schasfoort, Joeri. 2020. “How Commercial Banks Really Create Money (the Money Multiplier is a MYTH)”. Money & Macro YouTube Channel, 28 Mar 2020.

—–, —–. 2020. “The Monetary Financial System Visually Explained“. Money & Macro YouTube Channel, 9 Dec 2020.

—–, —–. 2021. “Why Private Bank Money Creation is Dangerous”. Money & Macro YouTube Channel, 27 Jan 2021.

Schularick, Moritz. 2021. “Central Bank Balance Sheets and the Macroeconomy: 1587-2020“. Paris School of Economics YouTube channel, 31 May 2021.

Tily, Geoff. 2016. “Academics and civil society clash on money“. Policy Research in Macroeconomics, 18 July 2016.

Titus, John. 2019. “Mommy, Where Does Money Come From? A Discussion of Professor Richard Werner’s Paper“. BestEvidence Channel on YouTube, 15 April 2019.

Still, Bill. 2013. “Jekyll Island: The Truth Behind The Federal Reserve“. YouTube, 7 April 2018.

Vollgeld Initiative & Studierende für die Freiheit & Hayek Club. 2017. “Monetary reform and the future of money”. Panel discussion at the University of Zürich.

Vrabel, Damon. 2012. “Renaissance 2.0 – the Rise of Financial Empire”. csper.org, 9 Jan 2012.

—–, —–. 2012. ”Debunking Money – The Way the World Really Works”. csper.org, 10 Jan 2012.

Werner, Richard. 2015. “A Prosperous Future Together”. Dialogues of Civilizations. Rhodes Forum 2015. Dialogues of Civilizations YouTube Channel, 23 Dec 2015.

—–, —–. 2018. “Today’s Source of Money Creation“. Presentation at “Our Money, Our Banks, Our Country – Money Creation in the Modern Economy” conference by The Monetary Institute, Zürich, February 2018. The Monetary Institute on YouTube, 23 April 2018.

Wortmann, Edgar. 2015. “Verkenning van de monetaire werkelijkheid [Exploring Monetary Reality]”. In English. Presentation at the University of Leiden. In two parts. (part 1); (part 2).

Wolf, Martin. 2014. “Stop banks from creating money“. Presentation at “Does Money Grow on Trees?” event, 9 Sept 2014. Positive Money on YouTube, 14 Oct 2014.

—–, —–. 2014. “On Radical Reform for the Global Financial System“. Presentation at the New York Council on Foreign Relations, 17 Oct 2014. Council on Foreign Relations on YouTube, 17 Oct 2014.

—–, —–. 2014. “Case for Radical Monetary Refrom“. Keynote speech at “Bridging Theory and Practice” conference organized by the Sustainable Finance Lab, Amsterdam, 14 Dec 2016. Sustainable Finance Lab on YouTube, 16 Oct 2018. (Accompanying slides)

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Main Categories:

Justification of Categories:

A. Proposed Legislations and Organizational Endorsements

Legislation:

Endorsements:

B. Academic Papers and Monographs on Sovereign Monetary Theory, 100% Reserve Banking and Monetary Reform

C. Critiques of Just Money Theory and Reform (and responses to critiques) & MMT Discussion (critiques and responses to critiques)

C.1. Critiques of Just Money Theory

C.2. Responses to Critiques of Sovereign Monetary Theory and Reform

Discussions on Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)

C.3. Critiques of MMT:

C.4. Pro-MMT & Responses to Critiques of MMT

D. Non-academic Advocacy Pamphlets, Reports, Briefings & Books

E. Supporting Studies Addressing Monetary Issues

F. Journalistic Articles Addressing Monetary Reform

G. Educational and Promotional Videos (and other media)

H. Other Relevant Background Studies

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